3. Assessment Criteria
Assessment Marks Expected date
Class participation 20 Ongoing
SGD-1 5 5th week
Midterm 50 8th week
SGD-2 5 12th eek
Clinical Portfolio 10 16th week
Mega Quiz 40 18th Week
OSCE 20 18th Week
Total 150
4. Learning Objectives
By the completion of this lecture the students will be able to:
• Define Pediatrics and Pediatric Nursing
• Discuss evolution in Pediatrics
• Describe convention on the rights of the child
• Know about Pediatric Nursing in Pakistani culture
• Discuss commonly occurring ethical issues in pediatric setting of
Pakistan
• Elaborate role of Pediatric Nurse
5. What is Pediatrics
• The word “pediatrics” is derived from Greek
words:
• pedia means child
• Iatrike means treatment/care
• Ics means science
• Pediatrics is the branch of medical science
that deals with the health and medical care
of infants, children, and adolescents from
birth up to the age of 18.
7. Evolution of Pediatrics
• The study of pediatrics began in the late 1800s.
• Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919) is known as the father of Pediatrics.
8.
9. Achievements in Pediatrics
• Decline in infant mortality since 1900 through prevention and health-
promoting measures i.e. improved sanitation & pasteurization of milk.
• Concern for the social welfare of children.
• Wald, founder of public health/community nursing established the
role of school nurse
• Nurses begun to teach parents and children about prevention and
treatment of illness at schools
• Pediatric nursing courses and specialized clinical experience were
initiated in schools of nursing
10. • The UN convention on the rights of the child is a comprehensive,
intimationally bringing agreement on the right of the children, which
was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989.
• It is the first legal document recognizing the individual rights of
children all over the world.
11. UN Convention on the Rights of Child
• It protects the economic, social, cultural, civil and political
rights of children by advocating 12 basic child rights.
• Has 54 articles, which sets fundamental require requisites
for the protection and welfare of the children.
• It says that:
• A child is any person under the age of 18 years.
• All children born with equal basic human rights without any
discrimination, Our religion also said that human rights are the
freedom and standards we must have in our lives to live in dignity
and with respect.
12. Rights
• are the basic necessities for a child which cannot be changeable or
divisible.
Needs
• can be changeable or divisible from time to time, race to race, and
religion to religion.
13. Significance (why we need it?)
• Implementation of Child rights gives strong social, physical, mental,
and spiritual support to a child.
• They protect children from unsafe behaviors, increase self esteem
and make a child decisive and empathetic.
14. Important Child’s Rights
1. Right to life / Health
• No person’s life should be put at risk or endangered by reason of lack
of access to health care services and/or information, counseling or
services related to physical, mental, social and spiritual) health.
2. The Right to Liberty and Security
• Right to liberty and security of the person which recognizes that all
person must be free to enjoy and control their life. States and other
stakes holders have responsibility to provide shelter and security to
them.
15. 3. The Right to Equality and to be free from all forms of
discrimination
• No person should be discriminated against in their sexual and
reproductive lives, in their access to health care and/or services
on the grounds of race, color sex or sexual orientation, marital
status, family position age, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status.
4. The Right to Privacy
• The right to privacy means that all children have right to care
mental, sexual and reproductive services should be
confidential.
16. 5. The Right to Freedom of Thought
• Every child has a right to express his or her feelings and share
thoughts and experiences.
6. The Right to Information and Education
• Every child has right to increase his or her scientific, updated and
latest knowledge and it is state’s responsibility to increase access to
this right. All persons shall have the benefit of access to available
reproductive health care technology and other technologies.
17. 7. The Right to Health Care and Health Protection
• Every child has right to access any kind of health care & protection
services. Signatory country ensured to increase access of health care
for every child.
8. The Right to participation
• State and other stakes holders make sure to involve children related
to their matters and programs.
9. The Right to Freedom of Assembly and Political Participation
• Every child has right to form assembly or union for the benefit of
other child.
18. 10. The Right to Free from Torture and ill Treatment
• All children have the right to protection from all forms of exploitation
and, in particular, sexual exploitation, child abuse and all forms of
sexual abuse, assault and harassment.
11. The Right to education
• All children have the right to take education for the better future .
12. The Right to decide
• All children have the right to take decision, parents and teachers
responsible to give them option to decide or choose.
21. Child Health in Pakistan
• According to Pakistan Economic Survey 2020-21
1. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Pakistan in 2019 was 55.7 deaths per
1,000 live births and in 2020 it was 54.2 deaths per 1,000 live
births.
2. Neonatal Mortality Rate in 2019 was 41.2 and declined to 40.4
deaths per 1,000 live births in 2020.
3. Primary, Lower and Upper Secondary Education Completion Rate
stood at 67 percent, 47 percent and 23 percent, respectively,
4. EPI coverage remained 65% to 88%.
22. Pediatric Nursing
• Pediatric nursing or child health nursing is the specialty nursing care
of infants, children and adolescents
• Goal of Pediatric Nursing is to improve the quality of health care for
children and their families
23. Pediatric Nursing
• Definition of Pediatric Nursing is consistent with the American Nurses
Association (2010) definition of nursing as:
The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities,
prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care
of individuals, families, and populations.
24. Ethical issues in pediatric setting of Pakistan
• Deciding for DNR or no code status of patients
• Telling the exact diagnosis to the child
• Withholding the treatment
• Obtaining informed consent
• Limited options of medical treatment (due to financial constrains)
25. Role of Pediatric Nurse
• Therapeutic Relationship
• Family Advocacy and Caring
• Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
• Health teaching
• Injury prevention
• Support and counseling
• Coordination and Collaboration
• Ethical decision Making
26. Role of Pediatric Nurse
• The pediatric nurse is responsible for promoting the health and well-
being of the child and family.
• Nursing functions vary according to regional job structures, individual
education and experience, and personal career goals.
• No matter where pediatric nurses practice, their primary concern is
the welfare of the child and family.
27. References
• https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Pediatrics.aspx
• https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/Economic%20Survey%202021-22.pdf
• Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2011). Wong’s Nursing care for infants and children. (9
th ed.). Canada: Elsevier.
• U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). UN General Assembly Document
A/RES/44/25.
• Bhutta, Z. A., & Hafeez, A. (2015). What can Pakistan do to address maternal and child
health over the next decade?. Health research policy and systems, 13(1), 13-16.
• Kenner, C., & Hirani, S. A. A. (2008). Safety issues in neonatal intensive care units in
Pakistan. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 8(2), 69-71.
• Hirani, S. A. A., & Kenner, C. (2011). International column: effects of humanitarian
emergencies on newborn and infants' health in Pakistan. Newborn and Infant Nursing
Reviews, 11(2), 58-60.
