A driver was cited for crossing an intersection when the amber light was displayed. He claimed the amber light duration was improper, creating a dilemma zone. Using the provided data, including amber light duration of 4.5 seconds, perception-reaction time of 1.5 seconds, comfortable deceleration of 3 m/s^2, car length of 4.6 m, and intersection width of 15 m, it must be determined if the driver's claim is correct and the minimum required all red time.

1. Fixing amber time :

2. Fixing amber time / all red time
A driver travelling at the speed limit of 50 kmph was
cited for crossing an intersection. He claimed that the
duration of the amber display was improper and
consequently, a dilemma zone existed at that location.
Using the following data determine whether the
driver’s claim was correct?
Amber duration = 4.5 sec
Perception reaction time = 1.5 sec
Comfortable deceleration = 3 m/sec2
Car length = 4.6 m
Intersection width = 15 m
Calculate minimum all red time required?
(ESE-CE-95)

4. Traffic Signals
• Pedestrian Signals

5. Road Markings
• Carriage way Markings
• Intersectional Markings
• Harzardous Location Markings
• Marking for Parking
• Word Messages
• Object Marking Road Shoulder Line
Bus Lane
Bus Lane
Centreline Marking
Kerb Marking

6. Road Markings
• Carriage way Markings
• Intersectional Markings
• Harzardous Location Markings
• Marking for Parking
• Word Messages
• Object Marking Stop Line
Directional arrows
Give
Way
Line

7. Road Markings
• Carriage way Markings
• Intersectional Markings
• Harzardous Location Markings
• Marking for Parking
• Word Messages
• Object Marking

8. Road Markings
• Carriage way Markings
• Intersectional Markings
• Harzardous Location Markings
• Marking for Parking
• Word Messages
• Object Marking

9. Road Markings
• Carriage way Markings
• Intersectional Markings
• Harzardous Location Markings
• Marking for Parking
• Word Messages
• Object Marking

10. Road Markings
• Object Marking

11. Negative poission’s distribution

12. Traffic engineering
Q. Vehicles arriving at an intersection from one of the
approach roads follows the Poisson distribution. The
mean rate of arrival is 900 vehicles per hour. If a gap
is defined as the time difference between two
successive vehicle arrivals (with vehicles assumed to
be points), the probability (up to four decimal places)
that the gap is greater than 8 seconds is ________
(GATE – 17 – Set 1)

13. Traffic engineering
Traffic on a highway is moving at a rate of 360 v/h at a
location. If the number of vehicles arriving on this
highway follows negative poisons distribution, the
probability
(rounded to 2 decimal places) that the head way
between successive vehicles lies between 6 and 10 sec is
…… (GATE – 19– Set 1)

14. Shock wave

15. Shock wave
Traffic Stream Models (Macroscopic models)

16. The relationship between flor tate of traffic and
density is shown in figure
The shock wave condition is depicted by
a) Flow with respect to point 4 and 5 are
equal
b) Flow at 3 is less than flow at 7
c) Flow with respect to point 1 is equal to
max flow
d) Flow at 2 is more than flow at 6
Example on shock wave

17. A well designed signalised intersection is one in
which GATE 18
a) Crossing conflicts are increased
b) Total delay is minimised
c) Cycle time is equal to the sum of red and green
times in all phases
d) Cycle time is equal to the sum of red and yellow
times in all phases
Design of intersections

18. Design parameters for a signalised intersection are
shown in figure below
The green time calculated for major and minor
roads are 34 sec and 18 sec respectively
The critical lane volume on the major road changes
to 440 vehicles per hour per lane and the critical
lane volume on the minor road remains unchanged,
the green time will be GATE
08
a) Increases for the major road and remains
constant for minor road
b) Increases for the major road and decreases for
the minor road
c) Decreases for both the roads
d) Remains unchanged for both the roads
Traffic signals

19. 04. Consider the following situations:
1. Traffic volume entering from all roads is
less than 3000 vehicles per hour
2. Pedestrian volume is high
3. Total right turning traffic is high
4. A road in a hilly region
A rotary will be more suitable than control by
signals, in situations listed against
(ESE – 1995)
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3
Problem on Rotary deisgn

20. 08. Consider the following parameters related to
a rotary intersection:
1. Width of the weaving section
2. Length of the weaving section
3. Proportion of weaving traffic
4. Weaving angle
5. Width of the carriageway at entry
Capacity is generally expressed in terms of
(ESE – 1997)
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 5
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 4 and 5
Problem on rotary intersections

21. Q.
Assertion (A): IRC suggest that the maximum volume
of traffic of 3000 vehicles per hour entering
from all legs of the rotary intersection can
be handled efficiency
Reason (R): Traffic rotaries may be provided where the
intersecting traffic is about 50% of the total
traffic or fast turning traffic is at least 30% of the
total traffic (ESE-1999)
Codes:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Problem on rotary intersections

22. Q.
Based on ‘30th hour volume’ for how much per cent time
during the year can the designer willingly tolerate the
unfavorable operating conditions? (ESE-2002)
(a) 30 (b) 29 (c) 2.5 (d) 0.33
Design hourly volume (30H)

23. Q. Which of the following factors are not strictly
related to design of traffic rotary intersections?
1. Radius of central island
2. Weaving length
3. Ramps and interchanges
4. Acceleration lanes Select the correct answer using the
codes given below: (ESE-2008)
(a) 1and 2 (b) 1 and 4
(a) (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
Rotary intersections

24. Purpose:
1. To study the causes of accidents and suggest
corrective measures at potential location
2. To evaluate existing design
3. To compute the financial losses
4. To suggest improvements
Accident studies

25. Causes of road accidents
Road users
Vehicle
Road conditions
Road design
Environmental factors
Other causes: like improper location of ad
boards, level crossing not closed, parked
vehicles, mobile phone etc.
Accident studies

26. Accident statistics
Location
Details of vehicles involved
Nature of accidents
Primary causes of accident
Accident cost
Accident studies

27. Collision diagrams:
Accident studies

28. Accident investigation
• Reporting
• Scene investigation
• Technical presentation
• Professional reconstruction
• Cuase analysis
• Accident data analysis
Accident studies

29. 06. Consider the following statements:
Collision diagram is used to
1. study accident pattern
2. eliminate accidents
3. determine remedial measures
4. make statistical analysis of accidents
Which of these statements are correct?
(ESE – 1996)
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
Problem on accident studies

30. Problem on accident studies

31. Q
A vehicle of 20kN skids through a distane equal to
40 before coliding with another parked vehicle of
weight 10kN. After collision both the vehicles skid
through a distance equal to 12m before stopping.
What is the initial velocity of the moving vehicle.
f=0.5
Problem on accident studies

32. Problem on accident studies

33. Problem on accident studies