global warming

1. GLOBAL WARMING: A
CONSEQUENCE OF
MAN’S ACTIVITIES
ARTEMIO A. MARTIN, JR

2. Global Warming→ The
increase in average global air
temperature as a result of the
buildup of CO2 and other
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
→Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

3. Ave. annual surface temperature
of the Earth since 1880

4. ● Since 1880, ave. surface
temperature of the Earth has
risen by 0.5˚C
 1998 as the warmest year
● Prediction: 2050-2060,
temperatures will rise by 2-4˚C

5. WHAT CAUSES THE
ENHANCED GREENHOUSE
EFFECT?

7. The Greenhouse Gases:
• CO2
• CH4
• N2O
• CFC

8. Change in atmospheric con’c. of
greenhouse gases (GHG) since
industrial revolution at c. 1750 (IPCC,
2001)
GHG Present
con’c.
Percent
increase
since 1750
Predicted rate
of increase
(%/yr)
CO2 379 ppm 31 0.4
CFCs 268 ppt £ decreasing
CH4 1,745 ppb 151 0.4
N2O 318 ppb 17 0.25

9. CO2 is steadily increasing at the rate of about 1 ppm per
year

10. Sources of extra CO2 in the
atmosphere

11. A. 20,000,000,000 tonsburning of
fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas,)

12. B. 4,000,000,000 tons→burning
down of tropical forest

13. ● Every kw-hour electricity generated
using fossil fuel– releases 1 kg CO2

14. ● Each liter of gasoline burned—
releases 2.5 kg CO2

15. The Contribution of CFCs and
CH4 and N2O to Global
Warming

16. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 1 molecule of CFC = 10,000 molecules of CO2 in its
warming effect
CFCs account for c. 15% of the
greenhouse effect
Aerosol sprays, air conditioners,
refrigerators, plastic foams
 CFC worldwide production,
however, has been
significantly reduced because of
concern about The Ozone Layer

17. Methane (CH4)
1 molecule CH4 = 25 molecules of CO2 in its
warming effect
 anaerobic bacteria in rice paddies, cows, guts of
termites, sewage, etc.
 directly related to food production and population
growth so it could also dominate in the near future
 also found in the Arctic Ice Caps and will be released
due to global warming thus exacerbating the
problem. This is far more serious than people realize
or has been reported.

18. CH4 is only recently been measured. Rate of increase is about 10
ppb per year. However, since 1 CH4 molecule is worth 25 CO2
molecules, the equivalent growth rate in terms of CO2 is 2.5 ppm.
Thus methane will eventually be the dominant enhanced
greenhouse gas in our atmosphere.

19. Nitrous Oxides (N2O)
Sources of N2O:
 Fossil fuel
 Fertilizer

20. NOx is leveling off due to pollution abatement on vehicles

21. Global warming is an unstoppable,
natural solar event that is happening
at a much slower rate than what most
sources proclaim
• Dr. Dennis Avery, director for Center for Global
Issues in Washington, D.C. says, there have
been natural periods of a warming climate that
cycles every 1,500 years. The last warming
period was 1300-1450 A.D.
• Dr. Patrick Moore, a founding member of Greenpeace,
said that the geologic record shows the Earth has
gone through many periods where it was much
warmer than it is today.

22. What are the
Consequences of
Global Warming?

23. 1. Sea Level will Rise
since 1900 AD sea level have
already risen by 10-25 cm
by 2090, sea levels may rise by
1 m

24. Loss estimates of rice output due to sea level rise (SLR)
in metric tons
Year SLR 45 cm SLR 1 m
2010 11,458(0.23) 35,192(0.42)
2020 125,268(2.23) 412,042(3.98)
2030 827,212(13.19) 2,875,351(23.56)
2040 1,749,582(25.25) 6,294,330(45.08)
2050 2,121,854(27.70) 7,708,359(49.48)
2060 2,367,394(27.97) 8,600,366(49.95)
2070 2,618,802(28.00) 9,513,691(50.00)
Source: ADB (1994b)
Figures in parenthesis refers to % loss

25.  Many coastal mangrove forests will
disappear
 Coastal resorts will be flooded
 Coral reefs will be drowned

26. 2. Droughts will be
more frequent.
 higher temperatures water
evaporates from the soil in the dry
season more quickly

27. 3. Storms will increase.

28. 4. Distribution of plants and
animals will change.

29. 5. Increase in incidence of
human diseases
 Likely change in the in the distribution of
malaria-carrying mosquitoes in the Asian
and Pacific Region

30. WHAT CAN BE DONE?

31. A. Increase absorption of
greenhouse gases from the
atmosphere and store them
in solid form

32. 1. Tree planting

33. ‫٭‬ To absorb all CO2 released by
industries would require 25 M
km2 of forests (19% of the
Earth’s land surface)

34. 2. Expansion of Coral Reef

35. B. Reduce the input of
greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.

36. 1. Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete
Ozone Layer
 agreement stipulating the phase-out of
ozone depleting substances by certain
schedules

37. 2. Kyoto Protocol
 international agreement to limit the
world GHG emission
 US and Australia did not ratify the
agreement
Major Provisions:
a. Emission Trading
b. Joint Implementation
c. Clean Development Mechanism

38. WHAT IS YOUR
CONTRIBUTION TO
SOLVE THE PROBLEM ?

39. THINK GLOBALLY, ACT
LOCALLY!

40. THANK YOU