Sodium valproate is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking sodium channels and increasing GABA levels in the brain to prevent neuron hyperexcitability. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, weight gain and hair changes. Rare but serious side effects can include liver problems, pancreatitis, and suicidal thoughts. Sodium valproate is prescribed to reduce seizure frequency and severity in epilepsy as well as control mood swings in bipolar disorder.

1. An anti-epilleptic drug.

2.  Sodium valproate is an anticonvulsant
medicine used to treat epilepsy in adults and
children. It helps to reduce the number and
severity of seizures.[1]
 Sodium valproate is also used to treat adults
with a completely unrelated condition
called bipolar affective disorder or manic
depression[1]

3. • Epilepsy-
Epilepsy is a condition in which people have
epileptic attacks (also known as seizures).It's one of
the more common neurological conditions, affecting
0.5 to 1 per cent of the population.[2]
• Bipolar affective disorder-
Bipolar affective disorder is also known as manic
depression or bipolar depression. It's a mood
disorder . People with bipolar affective disorder
experience marked mood swings, each of which
may last for several weeks or longer, which are
beyond what most people experience.[2]

4. Chemical Names:
Sodium valproate; Sodium 2-propylpentanoate; 1069-66-
5; Valproate sodium; Valproic acid sodium salt;
Eurekene .
Molecular Formula:
C8H15NaO2
Molecular Weight:
166.196 g/mol [4]

5.  Although the mechanism of action of valproate
is not fully understood, traditionally, its
anticonvulsant effect has been attributed to the
blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels
and increased brain levels of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA)[5]
 Prevention of neurotransmitter-induced
hyperexcitability of nerve cells, via Kv7.
channel and AKAP5, may also contribute to its
mechanism[5]

6. Reproductive endocrine disturbances seen with
valproic acid treatment as valproic acid has been
found to be an antagonist of
the androgen and progesterone receptors, and
hence as
a nonsteroidal antiandrogen and antiprogestogen
, at concentrations much lower than therapeutic
serum levels[5]

7.  Common side effects
These common side effects may happen in more
than 1 in 100 people. They're usually mild and go
away by themselves.
 stomach pain, feeling or being sick (nausea or
vomiting)
 diarrhoea
 dry or sore mouth, or swollen gums
 shakes (tremors) in a part of your body, or
unusual eye movements

8. • feeling tired or sleepy
• headache
• weight gain
• thinning hair, or changes to the colour or
texture of your hair
• irregular or delayed periods

9.  Thoughts of harming or killing yourself - a
small number of people taking sodium
valproate have had suicidal thoughts
 Yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes -
these may be warning signs of liver problems
 Long-lasting and severe nausea, vomiting or
stomach pain - these may be warning signs of
an inflamed pancreas
 Unusual bruises or bleeding - these may be
warning signs of a blood disorder.[3]

10.  1]https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/br
ain-nervous-system/a6665/epilim-sodium-
valproate/
 2]https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/conditions/br
ain-and-nervous-system/a336/epilepsy/
 3] https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/sodium-
valproate/
 4]https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compou
nd/Sodium_valproate#section=Top
 5]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproate#P
harmacology

11.  NIMISH SHIRISH KHANDEKAR.
Roll no-44, Div-A,
F.Y.B.Pharm,
ADCBP,Ashta,Walwa.