2. Organ Donation
āŖ Process of removing organ or tissue from a live, or recently dead, person to be used in
another
āŖ The former is the donor and the latter is the recipient
Who Can Donate
āŖ People of all ages
āŖ Any healthy willing person
āŖ Only expectation ā HIV and Active cancer patients
5. Current Scenario - India
http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/oct/30
6. Organ Shortage - Reasons
āŖ Family consent, and negative attitude contribute towards organ shortage.
āŖ Religion
āŖ Fear, ignorance and misunderstanding
āŖ Legal aspects
āŖ Media reports on scandals involving organ rackets
āŖ Lack of Awareness
7. Common Concerns About Donation
āŖ Disfigurement
āŖ Funeral Arrangements
āŖ Financial Responsibility
āŖ Religious Beliefs
āŖ Medical History
8. Types of Organ Donors
āŖ Person after death
āŖ Living person to related patient
āŖ Living person unrelated to patient
āŖ Brain dead patient (Cadaver Transplant)
10. Deceased Donors (Cadaveric)
DECEASED DONOR (Cadaveric)
DCD (Donation after circulatory
death) NON-HEART BEATING
Donors do not fulfil the brain-stem death criteria
DBD (Donation after
brain-death) HEART-
BEATING
Maastricht Classification (1995; amended
2003)
Category
I. Dead on arrival at hospital
II. Unsuccessful resuscitation
III. Awaiting cardiac arrest
IV. Cardiac arrest after brain-stem death
V. Unexpected cardiac arrest in patient in
an ITU /
CCU (new category 2003)
Period of observation: 10 minutes after
asystole Warm ischaemia time: <40 minutes
11. Organs and Tissues for Donation
https://www.organdonor.gov/about/what.html
12. Organs Donated
Living Donor After Brain Death Cadaver ā Naturel Death
Kidney ā Entire Kidney Cornea
Liver ā Segmented Heart Bone
Lung ā Lobe Liver Skin
Intestine ā Portion Lungs Blood vessels
Pancreas ā Portion Pancreas
Intestine
Heart valves
Connective tissues
www.healthxchange.sg/
13. Organ Donor Criteria
āŖ Age is generally less than 80, but is based on patientās current medical history
āŖ Dead by Neurologic Criteria
āŖ āBrain Deadā
āŖ Medical history is examined at the time of death
āŖ Free of HIV
āŖ all serologies are examined at time of death
14. Tissue Donor Criteria
āŖ Donation occurs after cardiac death
āŖ Criteria:
āŖ Age < 70
āŖ Recovered within 24 hours after death if body is cooled in the first 12 hours
āŖ No active, transmissible disease
āŖ No autoimmune disorder
15. Eye Donor Criteria
āŖ Donation occurs after cardiac death
āŖ Criteria:
āŖ No upper age limit
āŖ 1 year to 68 years
āŖ cornea transplant
āŖ Less than 1 year or greater than 68 years
āŖ research
āŖ History of cancer is acceptable
āŖ Other research for patients with history of glaucoma, diabetes, etc.
16. Improving Organ Donation
āŖ Create Awareness
āŖ Improved patient care to facilitate easier approach for organ donation, in case of
patient death
āŖ Trained transplant coordinators and grief counselors
āŖ Improved hospital infrastructure
āŖ Qualified Intensivists and Surgeons
āŖ Increased HLA typing and cross matching facilities
āŖ Improved facilities in packing, transport and retrieval of organs
āŖ Supporting organization for networking and registry maintenance
www.huffingtonpost.com
17. How are Organs Allocated?
āŖ ABO blood type
āŖ Medical urgency
āŖ Time on the waiting list
āŖ Geographic location
18. Organ Donation - Pros
āŖ A single donor can save more than one life
āŖ A donor can have normal life even after the transplant
āŖ People who are certified brain dead are capable of donating many body parts
āŖ Organs can be donated after death and can be 'bankedā
āŖ Potential donors are easy to find
organdonation.com/organ-donation-pros-and-cons
19. Organ Donation - Cons
āŖ Religious reasons
āŖ Family beliefs
āŖ Misconceptions
āŖ Donors are scared of their own health
organdonation.com/organ-donation-pros-and-cons
20. Acts and Laws
āŖ Transplantation of Human Organ Act (1994)
āŖ Organ selling is legally banned
āŖ Brain death
āŖ First relative donors
āŖ The act of obtaining consent
āŖ Unrelated donors
Indian J Urol. 2009 Jul-Sep; 25(3): 348ā355
21. Ethical issues
āŖ Bioethical issues
āŖ Deontological issues (patient autonomy, living wills and guardianships)
āŖ Teleological issues (transplant tourism , organ theft, black market, exploitation)
āŖ Brain death patients
āŖ Political issues
āŖ Religious issues
Med Princ Pract. 2003 Jan-Mar;12(1):54-69
22. Awareness
āŖ Dispel myths and misconceptions about organ donation
āŖ Avoid exploitation and misuse of organ donations
āŖ Carry a donor card
23. Facts About Organ Donation
Who can be a donor?
Will doctors try to save me?
Who decides if I become a donor if
Iām not registered?
ā¢Anyone can register
ā¢Age is not a barrier
ā¢Donation professionals review a patientās medical record and social
history to determine eligibility
ā¢Yes!
ā¢Doctors and medical teams will do all they can to save your
life
ā¢Donation only occurs after a patient is declared dead
ā¢You legally authorize first person consent when you register on your
stateās online registry, the national registry, or at the DMV
ā¢When your decision isnāt documented in a state or national online
registry your next-of-kin decides
24. Facts About Organ Donation
Does donation disfigure the body?
Does donation delay a funeral?
Is there a cost to the donor or their
family?
ā¢Open casket funerals can occur following donation
ā¢Organs are removed during a surgical procedure in an
operating room
ā¢Areas where tissue donation occur are reconstructed and
concealed by clothing
ā¢No
ā¢The act of donation doesnāt cause untimely delays for the
funeral
ā¢The recovering agency ensures that the donorās body is
released to the funeral home on time
ā¢If you are a donor, your family or your insurance doesnāt pay
any bills or costs related to the donation
ā¢Your family does pay the cost of funeral expenses
25. Facts About Organ Donation
Are organs transplanted locally?
Do the wealthy or celebrities get
priority for a transplant?
How do religions feel about organ
donation?
ā¢Yes, when there are local or regional recipients who
match the organ and no other kidney waitlist patients in
the U.S. who are a perfect match
ā¢Approximately 85 ā 90% of all organs donated in
Wisconsin are used for transplant in Wisconsin
ā¢No, the national system ensures that a donor is matched
with the best possible recipient with the most medical
need and who has been waiting the longest
ā¢Race, gender, age, financial or celebrity status arenāt
factors in selecting recipients
ā¢Organ donation is considered a charitable act of widely-
known religions
ā¢Please consult your faith leader if you are unsure about
your religionās position on organ donation