Resistors come in different sizes and colors to indicate their resistance values. The last color band on a resistor, usually gold or silver, indicates the tolerance of the resistor. To calculate a resistor's value, identify the color bands from right to left and write down the corresponding digits, placing the appropriate number of zeroes after the last digit based on its band's color. Breadboards are used to prototype circuits without permanent connections. They contain rows of metal strips that allow components to be connected easily and tested without soldering. Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent components and show how they are connected to form a working circuit.

1. 6th – Resistors and breadboards
Nestor Benavides

2. Resistors
For many circuits, it is necessary to use resistors so the other components do
not burn because the amount of current. Resistors come in many sizes and
colors, you need to know how to identify its resistance based on the colors that
you see.
IMPORTANT:
Always, look at the resistor with the GOLDEN
bar at your right, in this case;
1 – Yellow.
2 - Blue.
3 – Red.

3. Resistors
Resistors come in different colors,
depending on their resistivity (measured in
Ohms). The most of the times, the last bar
is golden and it indicates that the real
resistivity can vary 5% from the calculated
value.
Simply write the 2 first values of the colors
and then add the amount of ceros of the
third color. EX:
RED – BLUE – BLACK: 26 Ohms
(Black means 0 ceros)

4. Resistors: More examples
4600 Ohms
1000 Ohms
1000000 Ohms

5. Circuits and Breadboard
Breadboards are small devices that have electrical connections inside, they allow
us to complete circuits without welding nor wasting material.

6. Circuits and Breadboard
Different electronic components have
different symbols.
COMPONENT SYMBOL
Battery
Resistor
Transistor
Motor
LED
COMPONENT SYMBOL
Buzzer
Potentiometer
LDR
Pushbutton

7. Circuits and Breadboard
Real model
Explanation
Schematics

8. Our exercises
Draw to go from schematics to the real model, use colors and make knots in the
connections
Cathode

9. Circuits and Breadboard
Be organized with (+) and (-) on the breadboard, that will
help you a lot with the connections.
Use all the space of the breadboard that you need, just
make sure that the components are properly connected to
each other.
Remember that LEDs and buzzers have polarity, which
means that their leads have to go specifically to positive or
negative, if they are not connected like that, they will not
work. Always the longest lead to the positive.
Try to organize the real model following the same
schematic (Usually, positive goes up).