2. COMPETENCIES and SPECIFIC LEARNING
OBJECTIVES (SLO)
CM 13.1- DEFINE & DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF
DISASTER MANAGEMNT
At the end of the session learner must be able to
define Disaster and describe types of disasters
accurately.
Describe the concept of Disaster management.
3. CONT….
CM 13.2 - DESCRIBE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
At the end of the session learner should be able to
describe the components of disaster management cycle.
4. PLAN OF PRESENTATION
Disaster : Definition, Components & Types
Disaster Management Cycle
Disaster Prevention/Mitigation
Disaster Preparedness
Early warning, Response, Recovery
Conclusion
References
5.
6. WHAT IS DISASTER?
Term disaster (meaning “ bad star”; Italian origin)
means sudden and catastrophic events that results in
insurmountable loss, damage, destruction of life
Characterized by its location, intensity, frequency and
probability. Could be natural or man made. Could be
single, sequential or combined in origin and effect…
The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and
varies with the geographical location, climate and the
type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability.
This influences the mental, socio-economic, political
and cultural state of the affected area
7. Effects in the concerned areas:
1. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life.
2. It negatively influences the emergency systems.
3. Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter,
health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on
the intensity and severity of the disaster
8. DISASTER can be defined as” Any occurrence that causes:
Damage,
Ecological disruption,
Loss of human life,
Deterioration of health and health services
on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or area.
Source: WHO
9. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
RISK
Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a
hazardous event of a particular magnitude occurring in a
given area over a specific time period.
Death
Injury
Property, livelihood, disruption of economic activity
Environment damage
10. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
VULNERABILITY
Extent to which a community, structure, services,
and/or geographic area is likely to be damaged or
disrupted by impact of particular hazard
Factors increasing vulnerability
Lack of information
Lack of awareness
Poor living conditions
Inadequate safety precautions
10
11. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
HAZARDS
Hazards are defined as “ Phenomena that pose a
threat to people, structures, or economic assets
and which may cause a disaster. ”
They could be either manmade or naturally
occurring in our environment.
The extent of damage in a disaster depends on:
1. The impact, intensity and characteristics of the
phenomenon and
2. How people, environment and infrastructures are
affected by that phenomenon
11
12. THUS, DISASTER IS ..
Catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any
area
Results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or
damage to, and destruction of suffering damage property,
or damage to, or degradation of environment
Beyond the coping capacity of the community of the
affected area.
(Source: National Disaster Act,2005) 12
13. TYPES OF DISASTER
NATURAL DISASTERS MAN-MADE DISASTERS
Sudden Impact – earthquakes,
tropical storms, tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions, etc.
Industrial/Technological – fires,
pollution, explosions, etc.
Slow Onset – drought, famine,
pest infestation, deforestation,
etc.
Complex Emergencies – wars,
civil-strife, armed aggression,
etc.
Epidemic Diseases – water
borne, food borne, vector
borne, etc.
Others – road / train accidents,
riots
13
14. DISASTER: 6D EFFECT
• Death
• Disease
• Disability
• Distress
• Damage to health services
• Damage to environment
14
15. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A continuous and integrated process of planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures
which are necessary for:
Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its
severity or consequences
Capacity-building including research and knowledge
management
15
Source: Disaster Management Act 2005
17. DISASTER management
Preparedness to deal with any disaster
Prompt response to any threatening disaster
Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster
Evacuation, rescue and relief
Rehabilitation and reconstruction
17
Source: Disaster Management Act 2005
18. Prevention / Mitigation
Any sustained action taken to reduce or
eliminate long-term risk to life and
property from natural hazards
18
Structural
mitigation
Earthquake resistant shelter,
cyclone resistant shelter.
Hazard mapping, land use
zoning, dam construction etc.
Non- structural
mitigation
Training, education , public
awareness.
Early warning system,
Community participation.
Source : Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
19. Prevention / Mitigation (cont.)
Mitigations are actions that will prevent or
eliminate losses, even if an incident does occur.
Reduce or eliminate the need for an emergency
response and reduce the recovery period.
Community based DM, includes integration of the
policy, plans and execution.
Cooperation with agencies at national and
international levels.
19
20. PREPARATION
Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
Done to get ready for an emergency or disaster
before it happens.
Emergency plans, training, mock drills, and
exercises
Training
Response such as first aid
Search and rescue
Management of community shelters
Psycho-social counselling
20
21. PREPARATION
Community Preparedness
“COMMUNITIES FIRST TO BE AFFECTED ALSO THE FIRST
RESPONDERS”
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Ensures local ownership,
Addresses local needs
Promotes volunteerism and mutual help
The greatest number of lives can be saved during the first few
hours following a disaster, before help from the outside
arrives. 21
22. Early Warning
Assess the severity or magnitude of effects of any
disaster
India Meteorological Department : responsible
for meteorological observations, weather
forecasting and seismology
The nodal agencies, for specific natural disasters,
should identify technological gaps and formulate
projects for their upgradation.
22
23. RESPONSE
Triage :
Critical; life threatening.
Not life threatening.
Minor injuries.
Dead
23
IMMEDIATE (Red)
DELAYED (Yellow)
MINOR (Green)
DECEASED (black)
26. RECOVERY
Longer-term process
Restoring the community back to normal or pre-disaster
conditions.
The Department is Nodal agency for administration of
relief and recovery programs including management of
Calamity Relief Fund.
26
Editor's Notes
Characterized by its location, intensity, Characterized by its location, intensity, frequency and probability..Could be natural or manmade..Could be single, sequential or combined in origin and effect…The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas:1. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life.2. It negatively influences the emergency systems.3. Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster.
Vulnerability is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service, and/or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted
by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area”
Natural disasters attack the poor at three levels: interrupt income,reduce personal assets, and destroy essential public infrastructure. Cause loss of lives Result in maJor economic setbacks disappearing many years of investment in a moment Requires livelihoods have to start from beginning Needs houses and infrastructure to be rebuilt.
• According to IFRC: any incident in which more than 5 persons are killed or 100 persons are injured is categorized as disaster injured categorized
The ultimate purpose of emergency management is to save lives, preserve the environment and protect property and the economy. Emergency management is comprised of four interdependent risk- based functions: prevent ion/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
A typical DM continuum comprises six elements; the pre-disaster phase includes prevention, mitigation and preparedness, while the postdisaster
phase includes response, rehabilitation,Reconstruction and recovery. A legal and institutional framework binds all these elements together.. A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for:Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;Capacity-building;Preparedness to deal with any disaster;Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster;Evacuation, rescue and relief;Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;
Minimize loss to life and economic assets through:Mainstreaming Disaster Mitigation into all development programs.Mitigation projects- state-of-art technology and eco-friendly Mitigation strategy should be based on risk assessment only.Prevention strategies include building by laws, manuals, codes, acts etc.
Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. Mitigation is taking action now—before the next disaster—to reduce human and financial consequences later (analyzing risk, reducing risk, insuring against risk). Effective mitigation requires that we all understand local risks, address the hard choices, and invest in long-term community well-being. Without mitigation actions, we jeopardize our safety, financial security, and self-reliance.
Emergency plans, training, drills, and exercises that individuals, communities and first responders participate…Volunteers can utilize community assessments to understand the range of local knowledge about disasters and the capacity to mitigate them. Building on local knowledge, volunteers can further strengthen local capacity by starting up and replicating such knowledge and practices…Training, Simulation and Mock Drills:Efficacy of plans and Standard Operating Procedures - tested and refined through training, seminars and mock drills…The NDMA - assist the states/UTs in these areas and conduct mock drills in different parts of the country.
Elderly, women, children, disabled persons: special attention. WOMEN AND YOUTH :Encouraged to participate in decision making.. If a community is in a state of preparedness reduce the impact of the disaster.
Triage is derived from Old French word “trier” which means “to sort” separate, sift or select. Based on respirations, perfusion,and mental status Triage may result in determining the order and priority of emergency treatment, the order and priority of emergency transport, or the transport destination for the patient. IMMEDIATE (Red) – Critical; life threatening; likely to survive if care is received within thirty minutes (30).– DELAYED (Yellow) – Serious; may be life threatening; likely to survive if care is received in thirty minutes (30) to several hours.
– MINOR (Green) – Not considered life threatening; care may be delayed hours or days; this group may be referred to as the walking wounded.
– DECEASED (black) – Mortally wounded or clinically dead are not transported from the scene. They are marked with a black tag by scene personnel.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
Recovery is the longer-term process of restoring the community back to normal or pre-disaster conditions.
