Economic Reforms In Pakistan

Economic reforms in Pakistan
ECONOMIC REFORMS IN PAKISTAN
There is a widely shared consensus about the nature of reforms that Pakistan should embark upon. This consists of two components – stabilization and
long term structural reforms. Under the first component the economy has to be stabilized with the help of fiscal consolidation, widening of tax net and
mobilization of domestic resources, cutting down the losses of state owned corporations, curtailing wasteful development expenditure and assigning
priority to removing supply–side bottlenecks such as energy and infrastructure, keeping inflation under control and maintaining exchange rate stability.
The second component requires governance reforms in the structure, processes and human resource policies of the...show more content...
So leaving this popular myth aside, let us try to explore other plausible explanations for this relative economic decline of Pakistan. For this we have to
examine the cumulative experience of economic growth and development in various periods of Pakistan's history keeping the changes in academic
thinking in different eras in the background.
Economic policies are underpinned by certain intellectual precepts, axioms, theory and evidence. This body of knowledge does not remain static and
keeps on changing with the passage of time and emergence of new evidence. The post–colonial independence period of most developing countries was
marked by a group of charismatic political leaders who were suspicious of the policies and advice of their erstwhile rulers and wanted to keep
themselves at a distance from what the colonial masters were preaching. This period also coincided with the appearance of a new field in economics
called Development Economics that focused on the problems of newly independent countries. The academic tradition at that time highly embedded in
Post–Keynesian Economics came up with the notion of 'Balanced Growth', 'Big Push', 'Controlling Commanding Heights', 'Critical minimum effort',
'Export elasticity pessimism" and "low level equilibrium trap'. The end result of this strand of literature was advocacy of a dominant role of the State in
planning, directing
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Overview of Pakistan's Economy
Pakistan was a very poor and predominantly agricultural country when it gained independence in 1947. Pakistan's average economic growth rate
since independence has been higher than the average growth rate of the world economy during the period. Average annual real GDP growth rates
were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in
the second half of that decade.
Farming is Pakistan's largest economic activity. In FY 1993, agriculture, and small–scale forestry and fishing, contributed 25 percent of GDP and
employed 48 percent of the labor force. Agricultural products, especially cotton yarn, cotton cloth, raw...show more content...
Investment was invited in medium and large scale industries with grant of incentives but without regard to sustainability of the activity, raw material
and manpower availability, site specificity and entrepreneurship.
The small scale manufacturing, based on indigenous or indigenised technologies, continued to be the main contributor to economic development, more
than the large scale industries, until the late fifties. In the mid fifties the contribution of the large scale manufacturing based on embodied technologies
overtook that of the small industries. The contribution of the latter was 30% of the total in mid sixties and continues to be approximately 25% of the
manufacturing sector. Subsequently large and small industrial complexes were established in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Nowshera, Hyderabad,
Sukkur, Nawab Shah, Mirpur Khas and Khairpur and later on in Balochistan.
The above process helped the small industry in Sindh in the initial stages and in other parts of the Country in the mid–1960s and 1970s to enter into
new fields viz. the sectors of engineering, chemicals, plastics, electronics, electrical goods, garments, leather goods etc. The output of these industries
is, however, marred by the lack of quality control. Realizing that the contribution of small industries is approximately 25% of the industries sector,
amounting to a turn over of over Rs 5 billion per year, the Government

Foreign Direct Investment Into Pakistan
Title:
Causes of Foreign direct investment into Pakistan.
Aim and objectives:
The dissertation topic will focus on the importance of foreign direct investment into Pakistan's Economy and will also focus around the causes of
foreign direct investment. The report will look into three different perspectives such as, the effects on FDI pre and post 9/11, investment in different
sectors of industry and the importance of investing countries in terms of contributing towards developing Pakistan's infrastructure or helping
financially to fight the 'War against terror'. Moreover, the report also provides an insight to what can be done to improve the inflow of FDI into Pakistan.
Background of Pakistan's economy and FDI: Since the independence in 1947 the economy of Pakistan has emerged as a semi–industrialized economy
and is mainly based on textile, agriculture and food production. The textile industry contributes around 9% to the country's gross domestic product
(khurram baig, 2013). However, since the start of 2008 the country as a whole has struggled to gain the confidence of many foreign and local
investors due to instability and security concerns and the country is struggling to gain back the confidence ever since. Although, after 2012 an increase
in the FDI was seen due to improvement in the tertiary sector, this was n mainly due to an increase in spending power and confidence shown by the
local consumers (The World Bank).
Foreign direct investment refers to long term

PAKISTAN: RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ISHRAT HUSAIN Most of the news emanating about Pakistan
in the Western media relate to terrorism, bomb blasts, Islamic fundamentalism, nuclear non proliferation, military rule etc. Seldom does one see a
positive story appearing about Pakistan's remarkable economic turnaround. But the fact of the matter is that despite such negative image Pakistan is
one of the favored destinations for foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment flows have surged by 95 percent during July – February 2007
and are expected to touch $ 5 billion or 3.5 percent of GDP – several times higher than FDI flows to our large neighbor in relative terms. Pakistan's
international bond issues and...show more content...
Economic growth rates have risen from 1.8 percent in 2000/01 gradually to average 6 –7 percent a year in the last four years making Pakistan one of
the fastest growing economy in the Asia region. For Pakistan these rates are not spectacular but a reversion to mean. The average growth rate of
GDP over 50 year period of Pakistan has been 5.2 percent per annum. Manufacturing sector output growth was over 15 percent, exports have
doubled in US dollar terms in these five years, and an open trade regime has allowed imports from all over the world to triple. Tax revenues have
risen by 14 percent a year reducing fiscal deficit which used to average 7 percent a year in the 1990s to average 4 percent. Current account turned
around from chronic deficit to a surplus for three successive years mainly due to renewed export growth and resurgence of workers' remittances.
Although it has become negative since 2005/06 due to phenomenonal growth in imports of machinery and equipment and increase in world oil prices
it is being fully financed by foreign capital flows. Inflation rate during the first four years of the current government remained below 4 percent but oil
price pass through and food shortages have led to 8 percent on average since 2004–05. External debt burden has been halved from 52% to 26% of GDP
and is projected to be on a declining path. The country's capacity to service its

Pakistan Essay
Pakistan: Foreign Policy
Pakistan, a land of many splendors and opportunities, a repository of a unique blend of history and culture for both the East and West has been the
cradle of one of the oldest civilizations. The Indus valley, is the ninth most populous Area in the world, with 134 million tough, conscientious, hard
working people wishing and striving hard to enter into the 21st century as equal partners in the community of the different developed nations. During
the last 20 years Pakistan's economy has been one of the fastest growing in the world–the seventh fastest in Asia (www.forisb.org/fpolicy).
Pakistan's economy has been becoming large on a worldwide scale, with the annual gross domestic product growing at more than six...show more
content...
Pakistan now has a highly developed financial sector consisting of local as well as foreign commercial banks, investment banks, leasing companies,
mutual funds and varies other fund companies. Besides providing working capital and long–term financing to the investors, these banks offer a number
of facilities such as remittance of profits/dividends and maintenance of foreign currency accounts (www.mofa.com). Now because of this, various cities
in Pakistan have developed stock exchanges with major corporations in the U.S.
Security in Pakistan has been a major issue since the origins of the country and its controversial creation.
The overriding objective of Pakistan's foreign policy is the safe guarding of its sovereignty, security and territorial integrity. This is underpinned by its
firm adherence to immutable principles of interstate relations.
The violence accompanying the partition leading to the emergence of the two independent states of Pakistan and India generated hostility, which
continues to afflict relations between the two countries, mainly because of the unresolved issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The issue is the source of
continuing tensions and conflict, and shaped the unstable and tense security environment in the region. The historical

PRIVATIZATION IN PAKISTAN
Name : Tehweel Zehra Jafri
Std Id: 16966[Student Name
Date of Submission: 10th April 2015
Instructor : Sir Nabeel Latif
Privatization in Pakistan
Privatization can be defined as transfer of ownership of business or property to private companies from the government. When any public company
becomes private, then in that company the investor cannot purchase a stake.
In Pakistan, the process of privatization was a program of policy measures in the economic period of Pakistan. The Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has
first conceived and implemented the idea of privatization, in order to enable the nationalized companies and industries towards market economy. It has
initiated 1989–90 immediately just after the economic collapse of Soviet Union. The program has visualized and envisaged, to enhance the growth of
GDP of the national economy of Pakistan (Khan, 2010).
Objective of Privatization:
In Pakistan, since 1991, the privatization has been promoted (Khan et al., 2011). The two main factors behind privatization were the increasing
popularity of the market economy and the globalization.
Create Opportunities for the Private Sector
The first objective of the privatization is to create better opportunities for the private sectors of Pakistan, for modernization and promoting expansion.
Improve Productivity and Profitability
By improving of productivity and profitability, would contribute to the better reputation and image of Pakistan at the

Past Present And Future Of Pakistan Essay
Pakistan (Past, Present & Future)
Pakistan, a country which was created to protect the rights of the Muslims living in the sub–continent. There have been many sacrifices made to turn
Qaid e Azams vision into reality. This country has been through different phases of development in its 67 years. It has seen both ups and downs.
Pakistan is famous for many of its natural resources be it man power, minerals etc. Its army is ranked at number 8 in the world. However, Pakistan is
not doing good when it comes to international relations. There are numerous reasons to support this statement but the main reason is terrorism.
Fighting the war on terror, Pakistan has been labeled as a terrorist country, a country that is against world's peace. Before getting into further detail, one
should know the history of Pakistan.
History: (How...show more content...
They should promote their own private sector instead of importing goods from other countries. Pakistan imports are more than its exports which simply
shows a trade deficit. In order to change this deficit into a trade surplus, Pakistan domestic industry should be promoted.
Poverty: Poverty in Pakistan is the main reason why people are demotivated, they fail to utilize their talent to its full capacity as they know that in
the end they won't be paid enough to live a happy life. Government should provide people with good jobs and with a decent salary. The government
should also give pensions to people above 60. Government should subsidize basic commodities so that poor people can afford them. Education should
be free so that people can send their children to schools instead of sending them on roads to beg.
Overpopulation: People of Pakistan should be educated about the damage which overpopulation causes to a developing country like Pakistan. The
government should impose laws like once child policy in order to stop this problem of

INTRODUCTION
Unemployment is one of the most difficult social issues of market economics. The unemployment shifts over the business cycles as understood as
changes in aggregate demand relative to aggregate supply. This paper deals with the information and the causes of unemployment and its impact on the
Pakistan economy. It also shows different aspects and reasons for growing unemployment in Pakistan including its prevailingeconomics crisis. The role
of government is also taken care of to identify the causes of unemployment. The research is conducted about the impact of unemployment on Pakistan
economy. Study identifies the economic reasons of unemployment in Pakistan, to search unemployment in Pakistan and Effects of social economic
impact on youth of Pakistan. The research gives information of various reasons for unemployment and its impact on the economy of Pakistan.
Those who have abilities and the will to do work, but there is lack of opportunities to get job are in the category of unemployed. When unemployment
high resources are wasted, people's income are depressed. In the current situation the ratio of unemployed persons in Pakistan is more than 12 percent
which consists of 113 million peoples. (Nizami.S; 2010)
According to latest labour survey for 2008–09, the unemployment rate has increased to 55% from 52% unemployment rate as 15 percent. (Khalil; 1999)
There are so many reasons of unemployment in Pakistan. The biggest reason is the insufficient methods of

Economy of Pakistan
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues, some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing
infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also involving an
ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in natural resources, Pakistan has so far been a developing country
with limited development in every era due to the economic problems it has been facing. In the following text we will shed light on some of the major
problems faced by Pakistan as a country, today. Following are some of the important factors that are disturbing Pakistan'sEconomy:...show more
content...
For the first time in years, it may have to seek external funding as Balance of Payments support. Consequently, S&P lowered Pakistan's foreign
currency debt rating to CCC–plus from B, just several notches above a level that would indicate default. Pakistan's local currency debt rating was
lowered to B–minus from BB–minus. Credit agency Moody's Investors Service cut its outlook on Pakistan's debt to negative from stable due to
political uncertainty, though it maintained the country's rating at B2.The cost of protection against a default in Pakistan's sovereign debt trades at
1,800 basis points, according to its five year credit default swap, a level that indicates investors believe the country is already in or will soon be in
default.
The middle term however may be less turbulent, depending on the political environment. The EIU estimates that inflation should drop back to single
digits in 2010, and that growth should pick up to over 5% per annum by 2011. Although less than the previous 5 year average of 7%, it would
represent an overcoming of the present crisis wherein growth is a mere 3.5–4%
Pakistan economy is under its terrible crisis due to following REASONS
Г One of the immediate causes is Political instability due to Musharaf's position as president, delay in restoring judiciary and resultantly

Economic Impact Of 9/11 On Pakistan
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 9/11 ON PAKISTAN
Nine years down 9/11, we note that three countries Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan bore the brunt of the aftermath of the dastardly deed. Destruction
and mayhem resulting from the occupation of Iraq has regressed it from a booming oil economy into a hotbed of terror attacks. Then Afghanistan,
which was already reeling under the impact of the after effects of the Soviet invasion and tribal wars for supremacy, has retrogressed further after the
US–led invasion. The Taliban resurgence and machination by various secret services to establish their presence for their nefarious designs, makes
Afghanistan a battleground for proxy wars. What is more, Pakistan got sucked into the war on terror, in response to the...show more content...
Due to this depreciation of the currency, it has increased the cost of imports; hence, increasing the prices of various consumer goods.
The trade deficit stands at a staggering $20 billion, as against a projected oil import bill of $11 billion which can only be paid by completely depleting
the country's foreign exchange reserves. The trend is unlikely to be reversed. The price of oil five years ago was a mere $25 per barrel.
In view of the prevailing environment, fraught with risks, the government is constrained to give top priority to security and is bound to spend more on
the security and law enforcing agencies, compromising development expenditures. Countert–errorism efforts, do not entail the high security measures
for VIPs only, but in view of the armed forces and security agencies, financial, medical and educational institutions being targeted, allocation of the
scarce resources to security has resulted in the acute decline in productive spending in the economy.
The law and order situation has deteriorated to such an extent that Pakistan, which was a co–host for the 2011 Cricket World Cup, along with India,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, has been deprived of the opportunity. It is estimated that the PCB will lose $10.5 million, due to the tournament being taken
away from them. According to the Finance Division, in terms of the economic impact, the fallout on Pakistan has also been immense.
As a frontline state in the

Impact of Globalization on Pakistan Economy
Context Page. No.
1. Title 3
2.0 Background and academic context 3
3.0 Signification of project 4
4.0 research questions 5
5.0 literature review 5
6.0 Aim and objective 9...show more content...
Globalization helps people and firms in large scale in the form of cash flow or investments, experiences, new inventions, new technology, they can
import and export to the big market on a cheaper or effective way. Globalization is bringing the people together and making the world smaller and
smaller.
"There are Number of institutions established in the wake of World War II including World Bank, international monetary fund (IMF), and general
agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT). Similarlyworld trade organization (WTO) has played an important role in promoting free trade in place of
protectionism". (www.worldbank.org)
Developing countries like Pakistan have to understand the pros and cons of globalization in context with WTO regime and to find ways not only to
survive in the international market but also get benefit from it. This study will be helpful to improve the understanding regarding the effects of
globalization on Pakistan's economy. The main purpose of this research is to help and improve the understanding of different effects of gradual and
selective approach to globalization in different term such as employment, trade, wages and social progress in Pakistan. 4.0 Research Questions

How is Pakistan positioning itself to meet the challenges of globalization?
What is an overall impact of globalization on foreign direct investment in Pakistan?
What are the benefits of free trade and how we can bring transaction

A Comparison of Economic Growth and Development: Pakistan and Similar Countries
Introduction
Pakistan has all the major ingredients necessary to become a developed nation; it has a geo–strategic location, a generous availability of natural
resources and a large population in the working age. Despite having the potential to turn itself into a developed country, Pakistan has not been able to
fulfill its potential.
Israel, South Korea and Malaysia are countries in roughly the same region as Pakistan. All of these countries came into being around the same time as
Pakistan. All three of these countries have a higher GDP (Gross Domestic Product) than Pakistan and all three of them are ranked higher in the HDI
(Human...show more content...
Marcus Noland (2005) describes the change in South Korea's initial poor economic performance to a much improved circumstance under martial law,
leading to higher domestic investment and increasing capital accumulation, by initiating new reforms, unifying the exchange rate system, devaluing the
currency and raising the real interest rate, as well as by encouraging domestic markets and the export industry. The rapid industrialization however,

Pakistan's economic performance over the last 20 years
Introduction
PAKISTAN'S RECENT HISTORY
In the last 20 years, Pakistan has oscillated between 3 personalities – Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, and Gen. (retd.) Pervez Musharraf. The current
President, Asif Zardari, it can be argued, is in power mainly because he was the husband of the lateBenazir Bhutto, although he has come into his own
over the last two years.
Benazir and Sharif were both Prime Minister for two terms each, with each ending the other's term, citing incompetency and unfitness to rule. In
October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf seized control of the country and the focus of power in Pakistan shifted towards the President. In 2008, he
resigned after pressure from the newly elected government of the PPP – the legacy of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto and now her husband, Asif
Zardari.
While the political turmoil and uncertainty of the last two decades has left the public with weakened wills and a spiteful distrust of politicians, the
country as a whole moves ever on. The purpose of this report is to examine the progress (or in some cases deterioration) of various indicators of
economic health; and in the limited understanding of the authors, present a view of why the particular trend is seen.
INDICATORS– WHAT & WHY
Economic indicators are important statistics one can use to measure the economy, and in a sense get an overview of the current state of progress or
regress, whichever may be the case. There

Long Run Growth Of Pakistan
Long–run Growth in Pakistan Ashoni Kumar April 26, 2015 Abstract: Growth rate of Pakistan over the past sixty years have been both impressive
as well as disappointing too. The reason why the economy is recognized being impressive is because of the rapid growth rate that had its
quadrupling impact over per capita income as well as reduction in the poverty. During the same span of time the country fairly performed in sustain
inflation too. Later, the structural transformation in areas of financial and administrative sector brought harm by converting an agrarian economy in
to more diversify industrialized economy. Social indicators suggests us that Pakistan is being ranked being 134th among 177 countries in terms of
Human development index and also in terms of Income inequality index because there exist a lot of disparity in terms of urban rural segregation,
gender differences and this all has worsen over time. Pakistan is lagging behind many other countries belonging to the Est Asian Countries and most
recent is an example of India with its impressive integration as far as world economy is concerned. Economic History of Pakistan: The economic past
of Pakistan begins with its independence in 1947. Pakistan's economy is a semi–industrialized economy that used to be largely dependent upon textile,
agriculture and food production. Although over years there is a recent advancement observed in areas of technological diversification but the country
still needs to

Socio Economic Conditions of Pakistan
June 25 2007: Poverty remains a serious concern in Pakistan as a large segment of the population lives in poverty. According to the rebased GDP
numbers, the per capita income comes to US$845. Poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the 1980s and early 1990s, started to rise again
toward the end of the decade.
More importantly, differences in income per capita across regions have persisted or widened. Poverty varies significantly among rural and urban areas
and from province to province, from a low of 14% in urban Sindh to 41% in rural NWFP.
Pakistan has grown much more than other low–income countries, but has failed to achieve social progress commensurate with its economic growth.
The educated and well–off urban population...show more content...
It is well known that in Sindh, the factors related to poverty reflect both the disappointing levels of recent economic growth and a range of difficult
environmental problems, many of them related to an acute shortage of water and a poor and unreliable water supply. The livelihood prospects of the
poorest groups are also affected by the extreme economic inequalities that persist in many rural areas and the continued prevalence of social institutions
and different forms of violence that impact negatively on their lives.
The sub–sites in Badin are indicative of the particular problems facing poor people in the coastal belt, as well as of generic issues affecting the rural
poor.
In Naushero Feroze, reflects the conditions in the riverine zones on the banks of the River Indus. Khairpur is a case from the arid or semi–desert zones
that account for a large area of the province, as is a part of the Tharparkar site. The economic and social conditions of the irrigated and rain fed
agricultural areas respectively are well represented in the reports from Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah, Jacobabad and Ghotki on the one hand, and Dadu,
Thatta and part of Tharparkar on the other.
The greatest single issue in rural Sindh, however, is the social exclusion of the poor from ownership of, or reliable access to, agricultural land and
related natural assets (water supplies, grazing). Especially in the case of the haris, who contributes large segment of

Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
Current Situation of Pakistan Economy
There are genuine fears prevailing in Pakistan that its economy is in a bad shape. Whereas some expert economists of the country comment that
Pakistan's economy is near collapse, others are of the view that although our economy is still away from the verge of immediate collapse it is so
fragile that unless serious and urgent efforts are made to survive the economy, it can move to a dangerous stage within about next six to 12 months.
These views of experts cannot be wished away since weak health of the economy is being mirrored by withering economic indicators, such as low
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) due to very low annual growth rate of our economy (2%), rising fiscal deficit (5.8% of total size of...show more
content...
The ultimate objective of the economic plan should be to reduce and eliminate dependence on foreign debts/aid and internal borrowings. The
Government should also make serious efforts in exploring country's natural resources with emphasis on making Thar Coal Project a quick success so
that electricity and gas could be generated and provided to the productive sectors of our economy. Efforts should also be made to maintain and increase
flow of foreign remittances and exports to reduce trade deficit. In the long–term perspective the defence expenditure should also be reduced by making
efforts in cooperation with the regional and world powers for early resolution ofAfghanistan issue which can bring the war on terror in our part of the
world to an end. In this major enterprise of addressing country's economic downturn, the government as well as opposition parties in Pakistan have to
work together with all sincerity, integrity, cooperation and statesmanship giving good governance in a corruption–free environment. To make the
economic revival and development plan a success story within the shortest possible time, it is necessary that all adult citizens of Pakistan also play their
constructive

Essay on The Economy of Afghanistan
The economy of Afghanistan has significantly enhanced since the decline of the Taliban in 2001 due to the infusion of international assistance, the
recovery of the agricultural sector, and service sector growth. Regardless of the progress of the past few years, this country is extremely poverty
stricken, highly dependent on foreign aid, and landlocked. A lot of the population continues to suffer from shortages of jobs, clean water, electricity,
medical care, and housing. Offences, insecurity, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of
the country produces obstacles to the future economic growth of Afghanistan. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world....show
more content...
The stunting factor to the growth entrepreneurial of Afghanistan is that there is an inadequacy of availability to infrastructure and markets.
The unemployment rate is at 35%. To put it in perspective its nearly 5 times higher than the unemployment rate of America. This country is far away
from full employment to say the least. The misery index adds the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. 35% unemployment plus the 5.3 inflation
rate leads to a misery index of 40.3, extremely high. However graphs show a positive trend when looking at the unemployment rate.
Interests rate also affect the mindsets of home buyers. More specifically they are currently triggering doubt. Afghanistan's property rights are
damaged as it is. There is a weak protection due to lack of property registries and land tiling database. This leads to disputes over who owns land. An
estimated 80% of land is sold informally.
As stated above Afghanistan ranks 177th in the world for education. This displays the lack of school funding. With poor education, human capital
weakens. Human capital also varies directly with entrepreneurship, productivity, and employment.
Afghanistan's Rule of Law is damaged to say the least. The government is corrupted from the president down to lower levels of government. Illegal
opium trafficking fuels the economy with nothing to oppose it. This trafficking is all possible under the weakly

Economic Problems Faced by Pakistan
History Of Pakistan
Economic Problems Faced by Today's Pakistan
Table of Contents
Introduction4
Poverty4
Illiteracy5
Corruption & Political Instability5
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation6
International Interference8
Terrorism/Extremism8
Recent Floods9 Long–Term Effects of Pakistan Floods9
Reference11
Introduction
Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues, some of which are confined to ill–formed/missing
infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also involving an
ever–ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in natural resources,...show more content...
It is interesting to note that due to international interference and manipulation, the very same people that we have previously labeled as corrupt,
blamed and rebuked for their acts, have come back to govern us after a couple of years and the very same people have welcome them with open arms,
representing the inconsistency and apprehension instilled in our social, economic and political framework. A common English saying goes as "fool me
once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame on me".
This has also been one of the key reasons as to why the political process in Pakistan has not prospered so far into any rational coalition. Soon after its

inception the sincere and loyal politicians were removed from the main stream and dupes and rubber stamps were put into place, where the final
authority has relied upon decisions made outside the country.
Over Population, Unemployment & Inflation
On the one hand we have had years of low GDP growth and on the other a high population growth combined to place Pakistan in a situation where the
stability of its economic pie has not been increasing fast enough to facilitate and extricate the country from the poverty trap it was inflicted upon in it's
making. To compound the problem, recent years have seen food prices and utility tariffs shooting up by a wide margin, making it increasingly difficult
for people to make

Report On The Unemployment Of Pakistan Essay
Report on: Unemployment in Pakistan Submitted by: Aneel kumar Submitted to: Sir Muhammad Yamman khan Class BBA
–III (morning) Subject:
Business communication University of Karachi ACKNOWLGEMENT: I am grateful to my Sir Muhammad Yamman Khan who gave me this chance
to write a report. By which I got my first experience to working on a report. I have taken efforts in this report and however It would have not been
possible without the kind support and help of my relatives and friends so thanks to all relatives, friends and others who in one way shared their support
either financially or physically. Above all to the great almighty, the author of knowledge and wisdom, for his countless love. Without him it would not
be possible. Summary: This report deals with the unemployment that is the most focusable issue in the economy. Due to which the stability of the
economy is measured and the unemployment shifts over the business cycle as changes in the aggregate demand and aggregate supply factor of the
economy. This report deals with its types and rate of unemployment of the several years and causes of unemployment and its impact on the economy of
Pakistan and its conclusion that how to try to clear the unemployment from the boundary of Pakistan economy. It also shows the different aspect and
reason for growing unemployment in the economy of Pakistan. The role of government and government policies also taken care to identify the causes
of unemployment. This

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