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Globalization
- 2. The role of technology • Technology has played a big role in speeding up the process of globalisation • Advancements in transport technologies for e.g. container ships, aeroplanes, freight trains and trucks, and in ICT have all made the process of moving people, money, goods and information much quicker and cheaper than ever before
- 3. Changes in transport • Developments in transport have led to fast growth in global travel and the trade • Important examples of such transport include faster air transport and ocean shipping
- 4. Faster air transport • People and goods can travel between the world’s major cities in less than a day in some places • This has led to: • An increase in the tourism industry • A variety of goods such as seafood and fruit & vegetables being sent to markets far away • More online purchases from overseas
- 5. Ocean Shipping • Super tankers carry bulk cargoes such as oil and wheat • Container ships carry large containers filled with goods and transported around the world by sea • Such transportation has made shipping very efficient
- 6. Changes in ICT • As a result of faster global communications systems, information can be sent and received very quickly between people; sometimes within seconds!!! • Fibre-optic cables and satellites can transmit signals such as phone calls and internet information from one location to another at a rapid speed • Computers and the internet allow people to access and share information at a very fast rate
- 9. • A Transnational Corporation (TNC) is a corporation that operates in more than one country at a time • A TNC has its headquarters in one country and operates wholly or partially owned subsidiaries in one or more other countries • It owns or controls production in many countries Transnational Corporations
- 10. There are many different types of TNCs including manufacturers of: Takeaway food outlets – for e.g. Oil – for e.g. Soft drinks – for e.g. Computers – for e.g. Confectionary – for e.g. Sportswear – for e.g. Car – for e.g. Retail – for e.g.
- 11. TNCs and Developing Countries • There are many reasons why TNCs have operations in developing countries such as: • Access to natural resources • Lower labour costs • Cheaper land • At the same time, developing countries allow TNCs to operate in them because they: • Create jobs for local people • Encourage investment and development • Improve living standards
- 12. Using an atlas and/or Google Earth, locate developing countries Where are they?
- 14. Sweatshops
- 15. • A shop or factory in which employees work for long hours at low wages and under unhealthy conditions • It is any workplace in which workers are exposed to extreme exploitation. This includes not providing: • workers with benefits, • acceptable working conditions, or; • a living wage What is a sweatshop?
- 16. • Children and adults work very long hours in unsafe environments where workers are: • harassed, • intimidated, • forced to work overtime, and; • forced to work in dangerous and unhealthy environments In a sweatshop
- 19. United Nations
- 20. 5 Key Responsibilities of TNCs 1. Do not use forced or compulsory labour 2. Respect the rights of children 3. Provide a safe and healthy working environment 4. Pay workers enough to ensure and adequate standard of living 5. Recognise the rights of employees to join unions and other organisations
- 22. • Through globalisation, the world is becoming more standardised Standardisation – making things the same • Wherever you travel in the world, there are signs of Western culture seen in food, clothes and music • As a result, local cultures are being damaged
- 25. • Culture includes: languages, beliefs, customs and traditions • Cultures have changed through trade, migration, tourism, ICT and the media
- 26. Explain why this scene is an example of the cultural impacts of globalisation
- 27. The benefits of globalisation outweigh the costs of globalisation
- 28. Globalisation