LiDAR

1. Mechanical LiDAR and Solid State LiDAR
LiDAR for
Autonomous Driving
BY, ABHIJITH. S
Roll no: 3
Guide: Sunitha.ES

2. INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF LiDAR
COMPONENTS IN LiDAR
EXISTING SYSTEM
PROPOSED SYSTEM
PRINCIPLE
LEADING MANUFACTURERS
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION/REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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7.
8.
9.
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
Autonomous driving is entering a pre-
industrialization phase with significant progress
attained over the past years.LiDARs are active
sensors that illuminate the surroundings by
emitting lasers.Ranges are measured precisely by
processing the received laser returns from the
reflecting surfaces.LiDAR outputs are used for
object detection, classification, tracking and
intention prediction

4. TYPES OF LiDAR
1.Mechanical LiDAR 2.Solid State LiDAR
Consists of using one rotating
scanning system to provide
360-degree situational
awareness.Capability to offer
360- degree laser-scanning
sweeps up to a 200M range
with one unit is also an
advantage.
Uses a tiny oscillating mirror
to electrically steer a beam or
beams in a 2D
orientation.Minimal moving
parts increases reliability and
low costs increase appeal for
high volume productions

5. COMPONENTS USED IN LiDAR
Laser
Scanner and optics
Photodetector and electronics
Position and navigation systems

6. Mechanical LiDAR Solid -State LiDAR

7. EXISTING SYSTEM
Mechanical LiDARs
LIDAR sensors emit invisible laser lights to scan and detect objects in the
near or far vicinity of the sensors and create a 3D map of the objects and
surroundings on the display screen. In automotive applications of the
LIDAR technology, Mechanical LIDAR sensors are installed on the top of
the vehicle.The mechanical aspect provides a high signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) over a wide FOV, but results in a bulky implementation

8. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Solid-State LiDARs
Solid state LiDAR typically uses a single laser beam to illuminate the
scene in front of it, and a time-of-flight (ToF) sensor array to capture the
3D data that is returned.Solid-state LiDAR has many advantages. First of
all, its structure is simple and its size is small. Because it does not require
rotating parts, it can greatly compress the structure and size of the radar,
increase its service life, and reduce costs

9. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Laser generates an optical pulse.
Pulse is transmitted, reflected and returned to the receiver.
This return beam/pulse is collected and processed to
obtain property of target.
Receiver accurately measures the travel time.
X,Y,Z coordinates can be computed from,
1. Laser range
2. Laser scan angle
3. Absolute location of sensor

10. WORKING PRINCIPLE
Calculate Distance :-Distance (Speed of Light * Time of
flight)/2

11. LEADING MANUFACTURERS
Also popular
companies like Toyota
and Honda
confirmed that in
2023,they will bring
their homemade
LiDAR Technology in
their budget cars also.

12. ADVANTAGES OF LiDAR FOR
AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Multiple views of their surroundings
Better functionality in poor lighting
conditions.
Safer navigation
Less susceptibility to malicious attacks
High Accuracy compared to cameras

13. DISADVANTAGES
LIDAR cannot measure long
distances like RADAR
Difficulty and uncertainty of data
interpretation and analysis
Difficulties in bad weather conditions.

14. CONCLUSION
After the first use of LIDAR in the automotive segment, it
took more than five years for LIDAR to make it to a
production vehicle and it still has not been successful at
achieving broad market penetration.Widespread adoption of
AVs could lead to a 90% reduction in
vehicle crashes

15. REFERENCES
You Li, Javier Ibanez-Guzman
Na, Kiin, Byun, Jaemin, Roh, Myongchan, and Seo,
Beomsu. “Fusion of multiple 2D LiDAR and RADAR
for object detection
Pereira, Marcelo, Silva, David, Santos, Vitor, and
Dias, Paulo. “Self calibration of multiple LIDARs and
cameras on autonomous vehicles”.

16. ANY QUESTIONS...?