Detail overview of respiratory tract , respiratory tract infection and antibiotics class

1. Anatomy &
Physiology
of
Respiratory
System
1

5. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS
DIVIDED INTO

6. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The Respiratory System has been divided
into;
 Upper Respiratory Tract
 Lower Respiratory Tract

7. Upper Respiratory Tract

8. Upper Respiratory Tract

9. Lower Respiratory Tract

10. Lower Respiratory Tract

11. Respiratory Tract

12. STRUCTURES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT:
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT:
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Lungs

13. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
?

14. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
o Passageway for respiration
o Receptors for smell
o Filters incoming air to filter
o Moistens & warms incoming air
o Production of voice

15. NOSE
Provides primary passageway through which air is inhaled
or exhaled
 The three major
functions of the nose
are;
 Warming air
 Filtering inspired air
 Moisten air

16. PHARYNX (Throat)
– Common space used by Digestive and Respiratory system
– Common pathway for both air and food.
Functions of Pharynx:
• Respiratory: Air passes thru the
nasal & oral parts.
• Air is further warmed & moistened
• Digestive: Food passes thru, Oral &
laryngeal parts

17. Lies in front of Pharynx
 Passage way for air between pharynx &
trachea (air further moistened, filtered,
warmed)
 Vocal cords produce sounds of various
loudness & pitch
 Prevents swallowed materials from entering
the lower respiratory tract.
LARYNX

18. THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Lower Respiratory Tract includes;
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs
 Bronchioles and Alveoli

19. LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
• Trachea
– Wind pipe is a tubular structure.
• Bronchi
– Are the tubular passages that
conduct the air from trachea to the
lungs.
• Bronchiole
– Are the tubular passages that
conduct the air from trachea to the
lungs.
– Alveoli
• Are the tiny air packets where
gaseous exchange takes place
• Lungs
• Are the main respiratory organs
• Covering called Pleura.
19

20. INFLAMATION
A BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF
VASCULAR TISSUES TO BIOLOGICAL OR
CHEMICAL STIMULI
1. Redeness
2. Heat
3. Swelling
4. Pain

21. INFECTION
INFECTION IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION DUE
TO INVASION AND GROWTH OF
MICROORGANISMS IN A HOST.

22. CAUSES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

23. PATHOGENICITY
Ability of microorganism to cause disease is
known as pathogenicity.

24. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
Cell wall
Genetic material
(DNA)
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

25. SHAPE OF BACTERIA
There are three basic shapes of bacteria
• Cocci (spherical shaped)
• Bacilli (rod shaped)
• Spirillum (spiral shaped)

26. Shape of Bacteria

27. OXYGEN REQUIREMENT
Based on their oxygen requirement, bacteria can be
classified into three types: Aerobes and Anaerobes
Aerobes:
Are those bacteria, which require oxygen for their growth
and survival.
Anaerobes:
Are those bacteria which can grow and survive only in the
absence of oxygen.
Facultative:
Are those bacteria which can grow and survive either in the
absence or presence of oxygen.

28. GRAM STAINING
Depending upon the bacterial cell wall properties they
either attain purple or red stain:
1. Gram-positive organisms (purple dye):
These are generally cocci, but a few bacilli are
also gram-positive.
2. Gram-negative organisms (Red dye):
These are generally bacilli but a few cocci are
also gram-negative.
Identification of bacteria by Gram staining is
helpful in knowing which antibiotic will be
effective against them.

29. GRAM STAINING
Gram-positive organisms (purple dye):
generally cocci, but a few bacilli as well

30. GRAM STAINING
Gram-negative organisms (Red dye):
generally bacilli but a few cocci as well

31. COMMON BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
1. Meningitis
2. Otitismedia
3. Tonsillitis
4. Pneumonia
5. Pharyngitis
6. Gastroenteritis
7. Mouth infections
8. Urinary Tract Infections
9. Skin & Soft Tissue Infections
10. laryngitis

33. RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTIONS

34. Upper Respiratory
Disorders

35. LARYNGITIS
LARYNGITIS IS SWELLING AND IRRITATION
(INFLAMMATION) OF THE VOICE BOX
(LARYNX).

36. PHARYNGITIS
An inflammation of the Pharynx caused by
bacteria

37. TONSILITIS
TONSILLITIS IS INFLAMMATION OF THE
TONSILS.

38. MOUTH INFECTION
• An infection in which the fungus Candida albicans accumulates
in the mouth.

39. ANTIBIOTICS
A chemical compound derived
from one organism, that has
ability to kill or inhibit growth
of other organisms.

40. ANTIBIOTICS
Bactericidal Antibiotic
Having the capacity to kill the pathogens.
Bacteriostatic Antibiotic
Having the capacity Inhibit the growth of pathogens.
TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS

41. FUNGUS
•
The definition of a fungus is an organism that feeds on organic matter.
Yeast is an example of a fungus.
Athletes foot is an example of a fungus.

42. ANTI FUNGAL
• An antifungal medication is a pharmaceutical fungicide used
to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm,
candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections .
• Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but
a few are available OTC (over-the-counter)