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Carol.scott
1. Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Operability
Program Management Challenge
February 2010
Carol Scott
Constellation Space Transportation
Planning Office (CSTP)
1 Used with Permission
2. Operability for Constellation System
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Constellation Program has made progress toward operability during
the early design phase of life cycle
Constellation Space Transportation Planning office developed
Constellation Operability Advocacy Assessment.
Current State
Operability – Definition
Current Approaches
New Operability Efforts
2
3. Scope - Operability
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
To have successful, safe, and cost effective mission execution:
“Performance” must be balanced with “Operability” in the
system engineering design process
Therefore design engineers must consider:
How one part of the design solution effects the safe processing
and operations of the system and the other portions of the total
system engineering solution
How a design decision must be incorporated into the
hardware/software through the stages of the lifecycle
How trades are made between technical design, design
cost/schedule considerations, and operations cost/schedule
considerations
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4. Design Solution Example: Upper Stage Helium Bottle
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Performance vs. Operability
I can gain performance by placing helium bottles inside cryogenic hydrogen tank,
taking advantage of cold hydrogen, leading to smaller helium bottle.
How one part of the design solution effects the safe processing and operations of
the system and the other portions of the total system engineering solution
Design Solution for helium bottle location for Upper Stage
Can the Upper Stage hydrogen cryogenic system operate sufficiently with helium bottles in
Upper Stage, leaks?
What are production issues, ground processing issues, special flight operation procedures?
Added complexity to maintaining ullage pressure during flight?
How a design decision must be incorporated into the hardware/software through
the stages of the lifecycle
Design solution evolution from PDR/CDR/ Production Operations and Sustaining
How trades are made between technical design, design cost/schedule
considerations, and operations cost/schedule considerations
Helium bottle location in hydrogen tank vs. tank major structure
Structural loads for tank position
Design cost and schedule for each option
Operations sustaining cost and schedule for production, ground and flight
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5. Current State
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Operability – no common agency/program definition
Initial design trade studies focus on performance first.
Operability becomes a focus after vehicle performance
requirements are established
Operability consequences of utilizing heritage hardware and
infrastructure
Heritage facilities bring fixed constants affecting operability
Clean sheet will usually have fewer facilities
Heritage facilities have fixed capacities, may be more than CxP
needs
Heritage facilities must concurrently accommodate CSTP
production & operations and CxP modifications for lunar phase
Estimated Constellation production, sustaining and operations
(Phase D&E of life cycle) costs are too high
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6. Operability – Definition
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Operability is the summation the system characteristics (Producibility, Reliability, Interoperability,
Sustainability, Maintainability) to ensure safe flight while minimizing fixed and variable costs during
the Production, Operating and Sustaining Phases (Phase D & E) of the life cycle.
Producibility is the ease and economy with which a
completed design can be fabricated, manufactured or coded
into hardware/software products. (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
Reliability is robustness of system to be fault tolerant during
Producibility Op its operating parameters and environment to safely achieve the
Reliability erab mission
Interoperability ilit (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
y
Sustainability Interoperability is the ease of exchanging data between
Maintainability design and operations tools for reduced human error and
complexity of the integration tasks (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
P + R SummationM = O
+I+S+
Sustainability is upholding and supporting the configuration
of the system through the operating life cycle.
Maintainability is the inherent characteristics of a design that
contribute to the ease and economy to assemble, integrate,
retain or restore the hardware/software to specified conditions
safely and accurately (SP-6105 Dec 2007)
OPhase D&E = OProduction + OGround + OFlight + OManagement Systems
6 SP-6105: NASA System Engineering Handbook Dec 2007
7. Current Approaches
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
CxP Operability Evolution
Constellation Architecture Requirements Document (CARD): high level
operability requirements
Constellation Operability Optimization List
Numerous examples for operability derived between Ground Operations and
Flight Design projects
Ares Operability Assessment Team Established
Dozens of operability changes incorporated between Ares and Ground
Operations projects during PDR cycle collaboration
Software and data architecture emphasizes moving from document management
to data management
Cx program operations engineer position added to help identify key operations
engineering activities throughout 2007 to present
Orion’s PDR included operability as emphasis area
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8. Operability Successes
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Ares I/ Ground Ops
Adoption of mono-propellant systems for RoCS, ReCS and FS TVC
Commonality of commodity reduces processing hazards/loading timelines/maintenance cost
ReCS service panel relocation to OML for access ease
RoCS service panel relocation to I/S door area eliminates access arm
Interstage door relocation aligns for ReCS service panel and eliminates 2 separate
access arms
Orion Production
Developed segmented Crew Module (CM) concept
Saves four months of AI&P schedule in the O&C
Top half the CM is welded after outfitting (Previous to this design the only access was via
the hatch)
Implement cable harness wire identification
Ground Ops
VAB Platforms
New platforms selected over modified Shuttle allowing for optimal access
Separate VAB platform levels, not ganged platform assemblies, allow for individual
platform operations reducing operational constraints between task
Platform inserts at vehicle interfaces providing flexibility for future vehicle changes
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9. New Operability Efforts
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Agency establishes CSTPO:
Production, Operations, and Sustaining counterpart to the Constellation Program’s DDT&E role.
Cx Associate Program Manager for Operations and Sustaining
Constellation Program Constellation Space
Transportation Program
LEO
Lunar
Mars
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10. New Operability Efforts
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
CSTP Organization
Establishing interfaces between CxP and CSTP (ESMD and SOMD)
Interfacing with CxP boards and panels
Embedding into design centers’ processes
Evaluating cost drivers during the next two PPBE cycles
Evaluate mechanisms for funding operability opportunities
CSTP Technical Authority Support
Engineering
Co-located 24 Flight Program System Engineers (FPSE) w/ designers
Evaluating operability opportunities during design (PDR-CDR)
Safety & Mission Assurance
Defining flight hardware safety organization structure and interfaces with
JSC and MSFC S&MA
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11. Summary
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Define Operability for Constellation phase D & E
Address operability of production, ground operations, flight operations, management
systems and lessons for the next Architecture Cycle (Lunar)
To have successful, safe, and cost effective mission execution;
“Performance” must be balanced with “Operability”
in the System Engineering Design Process
Performance + Operability = Mission Success
Producibility Op
Reliability erab
Maintainability ilit
y
Interoperability
Sustainability
Optimization
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12. Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
Constellation Space Transportation Planning Office
NASA has established CSTP in late 2008 to be the Operations and Sustaining counterpart
to the Constellation DDT&E Program
CSTP is embedded into the CxP processes to prepare the Constellation Ares I/ Orion block
I for the Operations and Sustaining phase of the life cycle.
Includes Production, Ground Processing, Flight Ops and Recovery
Charter:
Lay the groundwork for the Constellation Space Transportation Program
Work within the agency governance structure
Establish in program/project activities and processes the
Engineering Technical Authority
Safety Technical Authority
Health and Medical Technical Authority
Work with the Cx program and projects to establish collaborative relationships
Work closely with the Mission Operations Directorate at JSC
Flight rule development, planning, ascent, on orbit, and reentry/landing support
Constellation Space Transportation Program
Charter:
Manage the production, sustaining engineering, launch preparations, on-orbit and
recovery of the Ares I/Orion vehicle configuration that will transport crew safely
to/from the ISS