The field report documents a field training conducted in different districts of Kashmir valley, where various geological formations were observed and described, including the Pampore Formation consisting of clay, silt, and sand beds deposited in a lacustrine environment indicating different climate conditions over time. Unpaired terraces, point bars, meandering rivers, and kinck folds were observed. The report also describes the lithology, fossils, and stratigraphy of formations like the Hirpur Formation, Nagum Formation, and Dilpur Formation.

1. Field Report
(Field training conducted In the different districts of Kashmir valley)
under the supervision of
Dr. Reyaz Ahmad Dar
Dr. Suhail Ahmad Lone
Presented by:
Muzzamil Ahmad Khanday
Enrollment Number:- 21064120002
Batch:2021

2. Khunamuh Formation :
Zewan Formation :
Panjal Volcanics :
Novaculite or Chert bed
Elephant Skin
Weathering
Pillow
Basalt
P/T Boundary
Panjal Volcanics
Day Ist- Zewan

3. Day 2nd
Spot 1,2- Sangrama and Khanpora, Baramullah
 This Upper Karewa section comes under Pampore
Formation,
of lacustrine in nature
 Clay, slit and sand beds are deposited from older to
younger respectively, depicts the different environmental
conditions
 Clay bed: depicts the arid climate, slow rate of deposition
 Slit bed: depicts the sub-humid conditions
 Sand bed: depicts the humid climate, very high deposition
rate
Different beds
Ptygmatic
folds

4. Day 3rd
Spot 1- Chandanwari
 Unpaired terraces denote the different stages of river.
 Point bars , Meandering , Rapids
Spot 2 - Gingle
 The rocks show axial plane cleavage and development of
Kinck folds.
 The outcrop consits of phylitic shales with highly
deformation
 Belongs to Salkhala group of rocks
Unpaired Terraces
Point Bar
Kinck fold

5. Spot 3- Bijhama
 Gypsum[CaCo3.2H2O] mine , also called as
snow white Gypsum due to its colour.
 Thickness of Gypsum mine is about 100 meters
 Was formed in marine and oceanic environment
 Neelanag river flanks the formation
Day 4th : Tehragam Formation
 Lithology: Grayweck, sandstone, lenticular limestone
 Age: Cambrain Fossils: Upper Cambrain
Trilobites
 Bands of crystalline Limestone, expolited as Kupwra
Marble

6. Day 5th
Shopian
 Hirpur Formation, 1200 meters thick, belongs to Lower
Karewas
 Karewa means elevated table land , term coined by Godwin
Austin in 1859
 Karewas occupy about 2500 sq. km of thickness about 2kms
 These rock formations are of lacustrine and fluviated origin
 Most cultivated fileds in the Kashmir valley are situated on the
Karewa sediments
 The lower Karewas are mostly coarse to fine grained
 Gravel beds at the base contain Lignite and are Pro-Glacial in
origin
 The formation has 3 Members:
◦ Mathowain (Younger)
◦ Rambiara
◦ Dubjan (older)
Dubjan Member
Hirpur
Formation

7. U-Shaped Valley
Cojugate Joint sets
Kinck Point
Rochee moutonnee Gorge Glacial Strations
Day 6th
Aharbal Waterfall

8. Day 7th
Spot 1,2 – Nagum and Dilpur Formation
 Nagum Formation rests over Hirpur Formation along an angular
contact
 The formation consists of conglomerates, gravel, sand and clay
 It has 3 Members: 1) Krungus (younger) 2) Pampur 3)Shupiyan
(older)
 Dilpur Formation: Part of Upper Karewa , overlies Shopian
Member
 Considerd as Loess deposits, absence of layering , absence of
fossils
 Black layers represent the Paleosoil, age 18k to 35k
Cross Bedding
Verves
Minor Fault
Dilpur
Formation
Convolute
Bedding

9. Karewa Sub-Group
Epoch Formation Lithology
Holocene Alluvium Alluvium Deposition
Middle-Upper-
Pleistocene
Dilpur
Formation
Loess
Palaeosol
Middle-Pleistocene
Nagum
Formation
Krungus (Cong, sand,Clay)
Pampore (clay,slit,sand)
Shopian (Conglomerate)
------------ Angular Unconformity---------------
Lower Pleistocene
Hirpur
Formation
Methawoin Member
(sand,clay,slit,lignite)
Rambiara Member
(Basal gravel fan)
Dubjan Member
(sand,clay,liginite)
Lower-Upper-
Pleistocene