A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), also known as a Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), is a technology that enables direct communication and interaction between the human brain and external devices or computer systems. BCIs are designed to interpret and decode the electrical signals generated by the brain, allowing individuals to control computer software, robotic devices, or other equipment using their thoughts alone, without the need for traditional physical inputs like a keyboard or mouse.

1. BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE
BY:
MUKIL KRISHNA A
S7 ECE
ROLL NO: 19
GUIDE:
PROF. JISHA

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• BCI MODEL
• EARLY WORK
• BCI APPROACHES
• APPLICATIONS
• CURRENT PROJECTS
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• DIRECT-NUERAL INTERFACE(DNI) OR BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI) IS A FAST-
GROWING EMERGENT TECHNOLOGY, IN WHICH RESEARCHERS AIM TO BUILD A DIRECT
CHANNEL BETWEEN THE HUMAN BRAIN AND THE COMPUTER.
• A BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI) IS A COLLABORATION IN WHICH A BRAIN ACCEPTS AND
CONTROLS A MECHANICAL DEVICE AS A NATURAL PART OF ITS REPRESENTATION OF THE
BODY.
• COMPUTER-BRAIN INTERFACES ARE DESIGNED TO RESTORE SENSORY FUNCTION,
TRANSMIT SENSORY INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN, OR STIMULATE THE BRAIN THROUGH
ARTIFICIALLY GENERATED ELECTRICAL SIGNALS.

4. DNI MODEL

5. EARLY WORK
• ALGORITHMS TO RECONSTRUCT MOVEMENTS FROM MOTOR CORTEX NEURONS,
WHICH CONTROL MOVEMENT, WERE DEVELOPED IN 1970S.
• THE FIRST INTRA-CORTICAL BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE WAS BUILT BY
IMPLANTING ELECTRODES INTO MONKEYS.
• AFTER CONDUCTING INITIAL STUDIES IN RATS DURING THE 1990S, RESEARCHERS
DEVELOPED BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACES THAT DECODED BRAIN ACTIVITY IN
MONKEYS AND USED THE DEVICES TO REPRODUCE MOVEMENTS IN MONKEYS AND
USED THE DEVICES TO REPRODUCE MONKEY MOVEMENTS IN ROBOTIC ARMS.

6. HISTORY-MONKEY FIRST
• 1990: FIRST SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS WITH MONKEYS.
• IMPLANTING ELECTRODE ARRAYS INTO MONKEY BRAINS.
• RECORDING OF MONKEYS' BRAIN WAVES.
• 2000: MONKEYS CONTROL ROBOTS BY THOUGHTS.

7. HOW IT WORKS

10. BASIC COMPONENTS:
• IMPLANT DEVICE
• SIGNAL RECORDING AND PROCESSING
• EXTERNAL DEVICE USED FOR CONTROL
• FEEDBACK SECTION TO THE SUBJECT

12. WHAT IS LOGICAL SCHEME OF BCI?

13. WHAT IS THE MOTIVATION FOR BCI
RESEARCH?
• MOTIVATION FOR PATIENTS: IS TO GIVE DISABLE PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE,
TO OPERATE PROSTHESES, AND EVEN TO OPERATE WHEELCHAIRS USING
BRAIN SIGNALS
• ONLY THE INVASIVE SURGEON TECHNIQUE ALLOWS PUTTING ELECTRODE
INTO A VERY LOCAL AREA OF A BRAIN UNITING A FEW NEURONS. THESE
NEURONS COULD BE BELONG TO THE CORTEX CENTER, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR
FINGER CONTROL.

15. BCI APPROACHES

16. APPLICATIONS
• PROVIDE DISABLED PEOPLE WITH COMMUNICATION, ENVIRONMENT CONTROL,
AND MOVEMENT RESTORATION.
• PROVIDE ENHANCED CONTROL OF DEVICES SUCH AS WHEELCHAIRS, VEHICLES,
OR ASSISTANCE ROBOTS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.
• PROVIDE ADDITIONAL CHANNEL OF CONTROL IN COMPUTER GAMES.
• MONITOR ATTENTION IN LONG-DISTANCE DRIVERS OR AIRCRAFT PILOTS, SEND
OUT ALERT AND WARNING FOR AIRCRAFT PILOTS.
• DEVELOP INTELLIGENT RELAXATION DEVICES.

17. APPLICATIONS
• CONTROL ROBOTS THAT FUNCTION IN DANGEROUS OR INHOSPITABLE
SITUATIONS (E.G., UNDERWATER OR IN EXTREME HEAT OR COLD).
• CREATE A FEEDBACK LOOP TO ENHANCE THE BENEFITS OF CERTAIN
THERAPEUTIC METHODS.
• DEVELOP PASSIVE DEVICES FOR MONITORING FUNCTION, SUCH AS MONITORING
LONG-TERM DRUG EFFECTS, EVALUATING PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE, ETC.
• MONITOR STAGES OF SLEEP.

18. APPLICATION

19. APPLICATIONS
• BIONICS/CYBERNETICS.
• MEMORY UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD.
• DREAM CAPTURE.
• BRAIN AS A COMPUTER.
• "GOOGLE SEARCH" THROUGH BRAIN.

20. PROJECTS
• BRAIN GATE BCI2000
• AUSTRALIAN BIONIC EYE
• HONDA ASIMOV CONTROL
• KEVIN WARWICK - THE FIRST HUMAN CYBORG
• GAMING CONTROL….

21. HONDA ASIMO CONTROL

22. GAMING CONTROL

23. BIONIC EYE

24. EXISTING SOLUTION
• SUCCESSFUL STORY, WEARABLE BCI
• A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION OF THE WHOLE BCI SYSTEM TO THE PORTABLE DEVICE
• NO MACHINE LEARNING
• LIMITED COMPUTATIONAL POWER (LIMITED SIGNAL PROCESSING)
• BCI-2000
• A GENERAL-PURPOSE SYSTEM FOR (BCI) RESEARCH
• SOURCE MODULE (NEW DEVICE NEW DRIVER) SIGNAL PROCESSING MODULE
(REUSABLE, NO MACHINE LEARNING)
• USER APPLICATION MODULE (UDP/IP SUPPORT TO BE RUNNING IN ANY MACHINE)
• PLATFORM
• MICROSOFT WINDOWS™ 2000/XP
• C++ LANGUAGE

25. ARCHITECTURE

26. FUNCTIONALITY OF BCI
• STEPS FOR THE FUNCTION OF BCI.
• USER WIRED TO A MULTI-ELECTRODE EEG SKIN CAP, WHICH IS CONNECTED TO
A PC RUNNING BCI-2000.
• USER OF THE SIGNAL ASKED TO GENERATE A SERIES OF SIGNALS.
• EEG POTENTIAL RECORD AND ANALYZE THE SIGNAL
• THE SOFTWARE ATTEMPT TO MATCH THESE SIGNAL TO PREVIOUS RECORDED
SIGNALS.
• AT LAST IDENTIFIED WORDS ARE WRAPPED ON OUTPUT DEVICES LIKE-SCREEN
OR SPEECH SYNTHESIZER.

27. BCI DRAWBACKS
• THE DRAWBACKS OF BCI:
• THE BRAIN IS INCREDIBLY COMPLEX,
• THE SIGNAL IS WEAK & PRONE TO INTERFENCE,
• THE EQUIPMENTS IS LESS THAN PORTABLE,

28. CONCLUSION
• A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TOOL.
• BCI IS AN ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY PROMISING PARADIGM SHIFT IN AREAS
LIKE MACHINE CONTROL, HUMAN ENHANCEMENT, VIRTUAL REALITY AND ETC.
SO, IT'S POTENTIALLY HIGH IMPACT TECHNOLOGY.
• SEVERAL POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF BCI HOLD PROMISE FOR
REHABILITATION AND IMPROVING PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS TREATING
EMOTIONAL DISORDERS (FOR EXAMPLE, DEPRESSION OR ANXIETY), EASING
CHRONIC PAIN, AND OVERCOMING MOVEMENT DISABILITIES DUE TO STROKE.
• WILL ENABLE US TO ACHIEVE SINGULARITY VERY SOON.
• INTENSE R&D IN FUTURE TO ATTAIN INTUITIVE EFFICIENCY.

30. THANK YOU