About Satellite & Mobile Communication.

1. Satellite
Communication
Muhammad Mujtaba
Csec-S17-114

2.  Introduction.
 History.
 Working.
 Types.
 Orbits.
 Mobile Satellite.

3. Introduction
• A communication satellite is a station in space that is used
for telecommunication, radio and television signals .
• Satellites occur in nature, and our own solar system is a
perfect example.
• The construction and launch cost of a satellite are extremely
high.

4.  4th October 1957 first Satellite SPUTNIK(Russia).
 1958 first active communication satellite TELSTAR-1.
 1963 first geostationary satellite SYNCOM 2(NASA).
 1965 first commercial geostationary satellite “Early
Bird” 240 duplex telephone channels or 1 TV channel.

5. 1. An Earth Station sends message in GHz range.
(Uplink)
2. Satellite Receive and retransmit signals back.
(Downlink)
3. Other Earth Stations receive message in useful
strength area.

6. • Satellite are divided in four major categories as
follow:
•Communication Satellite.
•Weather satellite.
•Remote-sensing satellite.

7. • Geostationary satellites when used for the
communication application are called communication
satellite.
• They are used in such a application are TV
transmission, military application, commercial
application etc…
• More than 140 nation are interconnected via
INTELSAT system to use for computer data, TV signals
etc…

8. • These satellite are used for weather prediction, for
taking the photographs of clouds.
• TIROS-1 was the first weather satellite. Other
weather satellites are Nimbus and Meteosat.

9. • This types of satellite can be used to find out the
condition of crops, forests or minerals underground,
condition of soil etc…
• Form the information obtained from the remote
sensing satellite detailed maps can be prepared.

10. • In space, satellites move in certain specific paths.
These paths are called as orbits.
• The selection of a particular orbit depends on the
following factor:
•Transmission path loss.
•Earth coverage area.
•Delay time.
•Time period for which the satellite should be
visible.

12. • Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
• Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites.
• Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites.

13. • LEO is the short form of low earth orbit satellites.
• They revolve around the earth in the orbits which
are 500 to2000km above the earth.
• The time taken for one revolution around the
earth is about to one and half hours.

14. • The medium earth orbit satellites (MEO) are at
much lower altitudes as compared to GEO satellite.
• Typically the MEO satellites operate in the range of
5000km to 15000km above the earth.
• The time taken for one revolution around the earth
is about to 6hours.

15. • The satellites orbiting in the geostationary orbit
are called geostationary satellites.
• These satellites are at about 36000km above the
earth’s surface.
• The time taken for one revolution around the
earth is about one day i.e. 24hours.

16. •Iridium.
•Global Star.
•Thuraya .
•Inmarsat.
•Asia Cellular Satellite System (ACES)

18. LEO-781KM
Speed – 27000KM/H
Orbital Period – 100 MIN
Constellation – 66
Project was launched in 1996 By Motorola.
It covers Whole World.

19. LEO 1414KM
Speed – 27000KM/H
Orbital Speed – 100MIN
Constellation – 48
Project Was Launched In 1999 By terrestrial cellular companies.
Its Covers Whole World .

20. GEO – 36000KM.
Speed – 35794KM/H.
Orbital Speed 24Hrs.
Constellation – 2.
Project Was Launched In 1997 By UAE.
No Polar Coverage .

21. GEO – 35786KM.
Constellation – 13.
Project launched in 1979 By UK Based.
Its Covers Whole World.

22. GEO – 35785.
Constellation – 1.
Project Launched in 2000 By Indonesian Based.
Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Vietnam, India, Pakistan.

23. Thank You