General Hygiene

1. Self Work
Academic year ~ 2017-18
Subject : General Hygiene
Topic : Determination Of Physical & chemical properties of water
Submitted by,
Muhammed Bin Hashim
Group : 5.A ,3rd Year
Submitted to,
Satyabdilova Aizerek

2. Index
Content Page Number
1.Introduction 3
2.Introduction(contd.) 4
3.Water Borne Diseases 5
4.The role of water in the mechanism of
transmission of intestinal pathogens
6
5.Different Diseases spread through water . 7
6. Diseases arising from the use of
contaminated water for drinking purposes.
8,9
7.Ascariasis 10
8.Malaria 11
9.Typhoid 12
10.Cholera 13
11.scabies 14
12.Prevention of Water Borne Diseases 15-19
13.References 20

3. Introduction
There are several groups of infectious diseases
transmitted through water:
1. intestinal infections of a bacterial nature (cholera,
typhoid fever, dysentery)
2. viral diseases (viral hepatitis A, E)
3. bacterial zoonotic infections (brucelosis, anthrax,
leptospirosis, tularemia)
4. protozoal invasions (giardiasis, amoebiasis)
5. helminthic invasions

4. Introduction (Contd.)
 Water is the medium in which microorganisms
develop, intermediate hosts of helminths live,
through which the transfer of the
microorganism will take place, or the
infectious agent will migrate to another
environment (soil, air) with the subsequent
implementation of airborne (legionnaires
spread through ventilation systems), faecal -
oral (lyamblii, hepatitis A virus), the food
pathway (helminths, hepatitis A, E-throughuse
of contaminated water), through the soil -

6. The role of water in the mechanism of
transmission of intestinal pathogens
 The role of water in the mechanism of transmission
of intestinal pathogens, the development of
epidemics and pandemics, humanity realized long
before the discovery of pathogenic microorganisms.
Nevertheless, today this problem remains very
relevant, despite the spread of centralized water
supply to settlements and improvement of
disinfection methods.
 Therefore, when solving the issues of providing the
population with water, first of all, it is necessary to
prevent the emergence and spread of pathogens of
infectious diseases that can be transmitted through

7. Different Diseases spread through water .
 The most massive water epidemics with severe
consequences (public health disorders) are
associated with the possibility of spreading with the
water pathogens of intestinal infections, which are
characterized by a fecal-oral transmission
mechanism.
 The possibility of distribution through the water of
pathogens of cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid A
and B, salmonellosis, shigellosis, escherichiosis,
leptospirosis, tularemia, brucellosis has been proved.
In the sources of water supply, viruses of epidemic
hepatitis (Botkin's disease), rotavirus gastroenteritis,

8. Diseases arising from the use of contaminated water
for drinking purposes.
1. Intestinal infections (the leading mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral):
a) bacterial nature: cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid A and B, dysentery,
colienteritis, salmonellosis;
b) viral etiology: viral epidemic hepatitis A, or Botkin's disease, viral
hepatitis E, poliomyelitis and other enterovirus infections, in particular
Coxsackie and ECHO (epidemic myalgia, tonsillitis, influenza-like and
dyspeptic disorders, serous meningoencephalitis), rotavirus diseases
(gastroenteritis, infectious diarrhea);
c) protozoal etiology: amoebic dysentery (amebiasis), giardiasis.
2. Infections of the respiratory tract, the causative agents of which can
sometimes spread by the fecal-oral route:
a)bacterial nature (tuberculosis);
b) viral etiology (adenoviral infections, in particular, rinofaringitis,
pharyngoconjunctival fever, conjunctivitis, rhinopharyngonzillitis,

9. Contd.
4. Blood infections, for which a fecal-oral transmission
mechanism is possible (Ku-fever).
5. Zooanthroponosis, which can spread fecal-oral route
(tularemia, leptospirosis and brucellosis).
6. Helminthiases:
a) geogelmintoses (trichocephalus, ascariasis,
ankylostomidosis);
b) Biohelminthiases (echinococcosis, hymenolepiasis).
II.Diseases of the skin and mucous membranes arising from
contact with contaminated water: trachoma, leprosy, anthrax,
molluscum contagiosum, fungal diseases (epidermophytia,
mycoses, etc.).
III. Diseases that cause helminths living in water

15. Prevention Of
Water Borne
Diseases

20. References:-
Books:-
 K. Park’s Textbook of preventive and Social
Medicine.
 Disease produced by water-Melody Muliena
& Ana Galeina
Internet:-
 Www.authorstream.com
 Www.slideshare.com
 Www.wikipedia.com