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Testing of Hypothesis.pdf
1. o Testing and confidence intervals are closely related in a mathematical sense
but the two techniques have different purposes.
o The confidence interval provides an assessment of how accurately we know
the parameter (say, ฮผ)
o The test indicates whether the parameter (ฮผ) could have the hypothesized
value (ฮผo).
Introduction testing of hypothesis:
2. TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Testing of hypothesis is a procedure which enables us to
decide on the basis of information obtained from the sample
taken from the population whether to reject or donโt reject
any specified statement or hypothesis regarding the value of
the population parameter in a statistical problem.
3. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR TESTING HYPOTHESIS :
i Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
ii. Decide upon a significance level, ฮฑ.
Choose an appropriate test statistic.
Determine the CR. The location of the CR depends upon the form of HA. Choose
the location of the critical region on the basis of the direction at which the
inequalities sign points.
If >, choose the right tail as the CR.
If <, choose the left tail as the CR.
If โ , choose a two-tailed CR.
Compute the value of the test statistic from the sample data.
Reject H if the computed value of test statistic falls in the CR, otherwise donโt
reject H.
4. Steps for Testing of hypothesis about
single population mean
โข 1):-Construction of hypotheses
โข 1st case
Null hypothesis: ๐ป0: ๐ข = ๐ข0
alternative hypothesis: ๐ป1: ๐ข โ ๐ข0 two-tailed test
2nd case
Null hypothesis: ๐ป0: ๐ข โค ๐ข0
alternative hypothesis: ๐ป1: ๐ข > ๐ข0 Right -tailed
3rd case
Null hypothesis: ๐ป0: ๐ข โฅ ๐ข0
alternative hypothesis: ๐ป1: ๐ข < ๐ข0 Left-tailed
5. Decide upon the level of significance ๐ผ =?
Test-statistic: ๐ก =
าง
๐ฅโ๐ข0
เต
๐
๐
=?
Determined the critical region:
Conclusion:
When the condition of critical region hold true.
We will reject ๐ป0, otherwise do not reject.
When reject null hypothesis H0 The critical region will be
๐ป1: ๐ข โ ๐ข0 tโค โ๐ก ฮค
๐ผ
2 ,(๐โ1) and tโฅ ๐ก ฮค
๐ผ
2 ,(๐โ1)
๐ป1: ๐ข > ๐ข0 tโฅ ๐ก๐ผ,(๐โ1)
๐ป1: ๐ข < ๐ข0 tโค โ๐ก๐ผ,(๐โ1)
6. Testing of hypothesis From T-
distribution
โข When sample size nโค30 โ ๐ โ ๐ก๐๐ ๐ก
โข Mean of normal population when
๐ฟ ๐ข๐๐๐๐๐ค๐
7. Problem 1st
The average amount of pesticide
that is packed in canes is 6 liters. A
random sample of 10 canes showed
mean amount of pesticide 6.1 liter
with standard deviation of 0.25
liters. Is process out of control?
8. Solution:-
1) Construction of hypotheses:
Ho : ๏ญ = 6 H1: ๏ญ ๏น 6
2) Level of significance ๏ก = 5%
3) Test Statistic ๐ก =
าง
๐ฅโ๐ข0
เต
๐
๐
=
6.1โ6
เต
0.25
10
= 1.26
Critical region:
๐ก ฮค
๐ผ
2 ,(๐โ1) =๐ก ฮค
0.05
2 ,(10โ1) = ๐ก0.025 ,(9) = 2.262
Decision rule:-
1.26โฅ2.262 1.26 โค โ2.262
When reject null hypothesis The critical region will be
๐ป1: ๐ข โ ๐ข0 tโค โ๐ก ฮค
๐ผ
2 ,(๐โ1) and tโฅ ๐ก ฮค
๐ผ
2 ,(๐โ1)
10. โข A random sample of 30 wheat forms from
Faisalabad district showed the mean wheat
production of 50 Kg per acre. Can we conclude
that the mean production of wheat from
Faisalabad district is greater than 45 Kg per
acre, if sample variance is un-known to be 9
Kg2. Use 5% level of significance?
11. โข 1) Construction of hypotheses
โข Ho : ๏ญ ๏ฃ 45
โข H1: ๏ญ > 45
โข 2) Level of significance
โข ๏ก = 5%
โข 3) Test Statistic
โข Test Statistic ๐ก =
าง
๐ฅโ๐ข0
เต
๐
๐
=
50โ45
เต
3
30
= 9.13
โข 4) Decision Rule:- Reject Ho if tcal ๏ณ t๏ก(n-1)
โข 5) Result:-As tcal > t๏ก So reject Ho and conclude that the
average wheat production in Faisalabad district is more than
45 Kg per acre.
12. โข A random sample of 30 wheat forms from
Faisalabad district showed the mean wheat
production of 50 Kg per acre. Can we conclude
that the mean production of wheat from
Faisalabad district is less than 45 Kg per acre,
if sample variance is known to be 9 Kg2. Use
5% level of significance?
13. โข 1) Construction of hypotheses
โข Ho : ๏ญ ๏ฃ 45
โข H1: ๏ญ > 45
โข 2) Level of significance
โข ๏ก = 5%
โข 3) Test Statistic
โข Test Statistic ๐ก =
าง
๐ฅโ๐ข0
เต
๐
๐
=
50โ45
เต
3
30
= 9.13
โข
โข 4) Decision Rule:- Reject Ho if tโค โ๐ก๐ผ,(๐โ1)
โข 5) Result:-As tcal > t๏ก So reject Ho and conclude that the
average wheat production in Faisalabad district is more than
45 Kg per acre.
๐ป1: ๐ข > ๐ข0 tโค โ๐ก๐ผ,(๐โ1)
14. Assignment
The mean lifetime of bulbs produced by a company has in
past been 1120 hours. A sample of 9 electric light bulbs
recently chosen from a supply of newly produced bulbs
showed a mean lifetime of 1170 hours with a standard
deviation of 120 hours.
1.Test that mean lifetime of the bulbs when lifetime of
bulbs more then 1120? Use 5% & 10 level of significance
2. Also test when lifetime of bulbs less then 1120, Use 5%
& 10 level of significance