Myocardial infarction is caused by reduced blood flow in a coronary artery due to atherosclerosis or blockage by a clot. It is most common in men over age 40 and is associated with risk factors like smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea and sweating. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac enzyme and inflammatory marker tests. Treatment includes aspirin, blood thinners, nitroglycerin, oxygen, thrombolysis drugs, angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. Prevention is focused on exercise, diet, weight control, stress management and not smoking.

1. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Maj Muhammad Aasim Shamim

2. Caption

3. Myocardial infarction is a disease condition
which is caused by reduced blood
flow in a coronary artery due to
atherosclerosis and occlusion of an artery by
an embolus or thrombus
DEFINITION

4. CORONARY
ARTERIES OF THE
HEART

5. • Deposition of following in blood
vessels :
• Cholesterol
• LDL (Low Density LipoProtein)
• VLDL (Very Low Density LipoProtein)
• TG (TriGlyceride)
• HDL (High Density LipoProtein)
is good.
ATHEROSCLEROSI
S

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Incidence of MI in India is 64.37/1000 people in men aged 29-69 years.
• In India, CAD is 21.4% for diabetics and 11% for non-diabetics.
• In rural parts of country is nearly half than that in urban population.

8. ETIOLOGY
• Modifiable Risk Factors
• Non Modifiable Risk Factors

9. NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
• AGE: More than 40 years.
• FAMILY HISTORY:
Myocardial infarction can be inherited from parents to children.
• GENDER:
Myocardial infarction is 3 times more in men than women.

10. MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
• SMOKING : Toxic substances in cigarette cause atherosclerosis.
• PHYSICAL INACTIVITY : LDL starts accumulating in Blood vessels.
• OBESITY : LDL causes Atherosclerosis.
• DIABETES MELLITUS : Increases rate of Atherosclerotic progression.
• HYPERTENSION : Causes damage to endothelial lining.
• STRESS : Releases hormones which cause blood vessel damage.

12. CHEST PAIN
• Severe, immobilising.
• Heaviness, Pressure, Tightness,
Burning.
• Loc : Substernal, Retrosternal or
Epigastric.
• Radiation : Left neck, jaw, back
and inner aspect of arm.
SYMPTOMS

13. SYMPTOMS
• SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• NAUSEA / VOMITING
• DIAPHORESIS : Cool, clammy skin

14. DIAGNOSIS
• ECG
• Cardiac Enzymes :
• Troponin T
• CKMB
• WBC
• ESR
• CRP
• ECHO

15. MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• ASPIRIN 300 MG : Slows the blood’s clotting action
• CLOPIDOGREL 300 MG : Blocks platelets from clumping together to form
clots
• SUBLINGUAL NITROGLYCERIN : Vasodilation and Pain relief.
• ANALGESIA
• OXYGEN in propped up position
• THROMBOLYSIS : Tenecteplase, Streptokinase

16. MANAGEMENT
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
• ANGIOPLASTY
• CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT :
Vein from leg or inner chest-wall artery

17. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
• Exercise
• Stop Smoking
• Follow Diet plan
• Maintain Healthy Weight
• Manage Stress
• Report Signs and Symptoms immediately.