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Acid rain its Causes and Effects
- 1. Acid Rain, Causes and Effects Aerosol and Environmental Health Presented to: Prof Dr. Zulfiqar Presented by: Muhammad Ammar Roll No: MS-UZ03F20
- 2. Contents • Introduction • Types • Causes • Formation • Effects • Prevention • Conclusion
- 3. Introduction • According to EPA “Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. ” • This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic. • “Clean” rain has a natural acidity of about 5.2-6 on the pH scale due to water reacting with carbon dioxide in the air to form carbonic acid.
- 4. TYPES OFACID RAIN ACID RAIN Wet Deposition Dry Deposition
- 5. Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. Wet Deposition:- Dry Deposition:- Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition.
- 7. Causes • Human emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute to the acidification of rain. • Emissions began during the industrial revolution, remaining unchecked until the 1970s • Biggest contributor is the burning of coal • Annually 1012 g of Sulfur emissions comes from fossil fuel burning, compared to 812 g from volcanoes and 2.812 g from wildfires. Human Impacts:
- 8. Causes • Volcanic emissions • Biological Process • Lightening Natural Causes:
- 11. EffectsOfAcid Rain EffectsOf Acid Rain a). On Non-Living b). On Living c). On Soil Effects of Acid Rain
- 12. a). Effects on non livings • AcidRain causesextensivedamageto buildings, statues, bridges, & structural materialsof marble, lime stone, etc. • Monuments made of Calcium Carbonate (limestone and marble) will react with acid rain • Increases the oxidation rate of metals such as copper and bronze
- 13. b). Effect on Livings • The Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxide gases, causes respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc. • Tiny Particles cause difficulty in breathing for humans and animals & also lead to permanent lung damage. On Human Health
- 14. • Acid Rain increases the acidity of lakes & rivers, which is directly effect the aquatic ecosystem. On Water Animals
- 15. On Trees • Acid Rain dissolves all the nutrients and the useful minerals for the tree to grow. • Weakens the process of photosynthesis.
- 16. c). Effect on Soil • Acid rain damages soil Biology and Chemistry. • Microbes not able to tolerate low PH and die. • Upper fertile layer of soil is affect as essential nutrients are leached away from soil.
- 17. Prevention • Clean combustion technology • Using pollution control equipment • Liming of lakes and soils • Replacement of coal by natural gas and renewable energy resources • Reduction in sulfurization.
- 18. Conclusion • Acid rain is destroying our planet. • It is our responsibility to protect it by reducing the sources that are major causes of acid rain.