Lê quang hùng2016 động lực làm việc vnpt

1. Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den
dong lire lam viec cua ngu'di
Iao doiig tai VNPT Long An
LE QGANG HGNG'
TRCfdNG VIET NAM"
Tom tat
Hien nay. Men tugng dl chuyin Iao dgng tff nhttng ca quan nhd nudc ra ldm cho doanh nghiep
ben ngodi vd Iao ddng ttt doanh nghiep trong nttde sang ldm cho cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngodi
ngdy cdng tdng, ldm thieu hiit ngudn Iao dgng chdt lugng cao cho khd'i doanh nghiep nhd nudc.
Do do, viec tgo ddng Ittc ldm viec cho ngttdi Iao ddng Id vai trd quan trgng tgi cdc doanh nghidp.
Kit qud nghien cttu ciio thdy, dgng Ittc ldm viec cua nhdn vien VNPT Long An bj tdc dgng bdi 8
nhdn td: Ddo tgo vd phdt triin, Quan he ddng nghiep, Phong cdch Idnh dgo, Sff tff ch& trong cong
viec, Mdi trudng vd diiu kien ldm viec, Thu nhap, Chinh sdch khen thudng vd cdng nhan, Phuc
lgi. Ttt nhttng kit Man rut ra, tdc gid di xudt mgt sdkiin nghj nhdm ndng cao ddng Ittc ldm viec
cua nhdn vien VNPT Long An.
Ttt khoa: dgng luc ldm viec, nhdn vien, VNPT Long An, kiin nghj
Sinnmary
Nowadays, more and more state employees move to work for private businesses, and the same
situation happens to employees of domestic companies transfering foreign ones, which makes
many state companies lack high-qualified labours. Therefore, the creation of working motivation
among employees plays an Important role In almost all businesses. The research shows that VNPT
Long An employees' working motivation are influenced by 8 factors including Education and
Development, Colleague relationship, Leadership skills. Selfcontrol In working. Working condition
and environment. Salary, Awards and Acknowledgement policy. Welfare. On this basis, the author
recommend some petitionsfor Improving VNPT Long An employees' working motivation.
Keywords: working motivation, employees, VNPT Long An, petitions
GlCfl THIEU cof sd LY THUYET
VA PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN ClfU
Van de tao ddng Iffc cho ngtfdi Iao dpng la mdt trong
nhttng npi dung quan trpng cua cdng tac quan tri nhan Casdly thuyet
stt trong doanh nghiep, no thuc da'y hp hang say lam Ddng Iffc lam vide gan vdi cdng
vide nang cao nang sua't Iao dpng. Ddi vdi VNPT chi vide va td chffc, ma lip lam vide. Theo
nhanh Loiig An, vide tao ddng Iffc cho ngffdi Iao ddng Kenneth S. Kovach (1987), 10 yd'u td
se thuc day sff phat trie'n cua doanh nghiep. Bai vid't ddng vien nhan vien gdm: (1) Cdng viec
phan tich cac nhan td tac ddng de'n ddng Iffc lam vide thu vi, (2) Dffdc edng nhan day du cdng
cua ngffdi Iao ddng tai VNPT Long An. Trdn cd sd do, vide da lam, (3) Sff ttf chu trong cdng
tac gia de xua't mdt sdkien nghi giup nang cao ddng Iffc vide, (4) Cdng vide d'n dinh, (5) Lffdng
lam viec cho ngtfdi Iao ddng, de hp hang say lam viec cao, (6) Sff thang tid'n va phat trien nghi
cd hieu qua va nang sua't cao. nghidp, ("7) Dieu kien lam vide tdt, (8)
' ' ' -''•' "-'"• '"• - • ' •"''! ''•"•• '" ' ' ' ' ' : • i"!i / ' i ^ ' iI[;T.:ii! q u a n g h u n g f S . p U h c r n . e r ; i . j . ' / r i
••"" • •'•-' ' ' " ' " " •" .- '•• : ,(, .-"i.icl '-• '_, ' l / i : ' z 0 i 6
38 Kmh te va Dir b

2. Sff gan bd cua cap trdn vdi nhan vidn,
(9) Xtt ly ky luat kheo leo, td' nhi, (10) Sff
giup dd cua ca'p trdn dd' giai quye't nhttng
van de ca nhan.
Siinons va Enz (1995) stt dung 10
ye'u td dpng vien nhan vidn cua Kenneth
S.Kovach de khao sat thttc trang va dieu
tra cac nhan to anh httdng deflmra nhttng
sff khac bidt gitta ddng Iffc cua nhan vidn
khach san vdi nhan vien lam trong cac
nganh cdng nghidp khac.
Nguydn Ngpe Lan Vy (2010) thffc
hidn de tai nghien cttu nhara danh gia
mtte dp quan trpng cua cac ye'u td dpng
vidn nhan vien trdn dia ban TP. Hd Chi
Minh. Yd'u to "Thttdng hidu va van hda
cdng ty" dffdc bd sung vao thanh phan
thang do ve ddng ltfc lara vide.
Le Quang Hung va cac thanh vien
(2014) qua nghidn cttu cho rang, ngoai
nhttng nhan to dpng vidn, nhan td "thttdng
hidu" cung anh htfdng rat Idn dd'n ddng
ltfc lara vide cua nhan vidn trong trtfdng
dai hpc.
Kd' thtta cac nghien cttu trtfdc, nhdm
tac gia de xua't mdtradhinh trong trtfdng
hdp VNPT chi nhanh Long An, bao gdm
8 nhan to anh htfdng trtfc tid'p: Thu nhap,
Phuc ldi, Quan he ddng nghidp, Sff tff chu
trong cdng vide, Dao tao va phat trien,
Mdi tiffdng va dieu kidn lam vide, Chinh
sach khen thffdng va cdng nhan, Phong
each lanh dao. Md hinh nghien cffu de
xua't nhff Hinh.
PhffOngphdp nghien cffu
Phffdng phap nghidn cffu dinh lffdng
dffdc tid'n hanh thdng qua phdng van trffc
tid'p nhan vien dang lam viec tai VNPT
Long An. Thdi gian tid'n hanh phdng van
tttngay 01/08/2015 dd'n ngay 30/09/2015.
Nhdm nghien cttu va cdng tac vidn gap
gd trffc tid'p 210 nhan vidn. Tdng cdng cd
210 bang cau hdi khao sat phat ra, thu ve
210 bang, so bang c&u hdi khao sat khdng
hdp Id la 10, cdn lai 200 bang phdng van
hdp le dffdc dffa vao ma hda dtt hdu. Ta't
ca dtt lieu thu thap dtfdc xtt ly bang phan
mdm SPSS 20 (Bdi viit sff d"ng cdch viit
sd thdp phdn theo chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU
He sd'tin cdy Cronbach's Alpha
Kd't qua do Itfdng 9 thang do thanh phan
deu dat ydu cau vdi he sd Cronbach's
Alpha > 0.7 va eac bie'n quan sat trong
thang do thanh phan deu cd ttfdng quan
bid'n - tdng > 0.3. Do dd, cac bid'n quan
HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CtlG CHJNH THtIC VE DONG LCTC
LAM VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN TAI VNPT LONG AN
BANG 1: KET QGA DO LClCiNG HE SO
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Thang do nhSn tS'
Thu nhap
Phuc loi
Quan he dong nghiep
Su" ttr chu trong cong viec
Dao tao va phat trien
Moi trirSng va dieu kien lam viec
Chinh sach khen thirdng va cong nhSn
Phong each Ianh dao
Dong lire lam viec
CRONBACH'S ALPHA
H$ so'
Cronbach's Alpha
0.854
0.823
0.881
0.798
0.885
0.832
0853
0.849
0.630
BANG 2: HE SO KMO VA KIEM DjNH BARLETT
He so KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-OIkin)
Mo hinh kiem tra cua Bartlett Gia tri Chi-Square
BSc tir do
Sig (gia tri P - value)
0.818
3734.275
595
0.000
Nguon: tinh toan ciis nhom tac gta
sat cua thang do nay deu dffdc gitt nguydn cho phan tich
nhan td kham pha (EFA)tid'ptheo (Bang 1).
Phdn tich nhdn td'EFA
Phan tich EFA vdi phffdng phap rut trich Principal
Components Analysis va phep quay Varimax. Kd't qua
phan tich EFA lan cud'i, nhff sau:
- Kd't qua kiem dinh Barlett cho tha'y, gitta cac bie'n
trong tdng the' cd md'i tffdng quan vdi nhau (sig = 0.00
< 0.05, bac bd H„, nhan H,). Ddng thdi, he sd KMO =
0.818 > 0.5, chttng td phan tich nhan td de' nhdm cac
bid'n lai vdi nhau la thich hdp va dtt lieu phu hdp cho
vide phan tich EFA (Bang 2).
Kd't qua kid'm dinh Barlett cho tha'y, gitta cac bid'n
trong tdng the cd mdi ttfdng quan vdi nhau (sig = 0.00
< 0.05). Ddng thdi, he sd KMO = 0.818 > 0.5, chttng td
phan tich nhan td'de nhdm cac bid'n lai vdi nhau la thich
hdp va dtt lieu phu hdp cho vide phan tich nhan to.
Cac nhan to deu cd gia tri Eigenvalues > 1, cd 8
nhan td dtfdc ruttirichra ttt cac bid'n quan sat. Phttdng
sai trich la 67.201% > 50% la dat yeu cau. Dieu nay
cho tha'y 8 nhan td rut ttich ra the hidn dffdc kha nang
Economy and Forecasl Review 39

3. giai thich dffdc 67.201% stf thay ddi cua bid'n phu thude
ttong tdng the.
Sau 6 lan thffc hidn phan tich EFA, kd't qua eac nhdm
dtfdc gom lan cudi.
Nhdra 1 (Dao tao va phattiie'n):cd 5 bie'n quan sat la
DTPT1,DTPT2, DTPT3, DTPT4, DTPT5;
Nhdra 2 (Quan he ddng nghidp): ed 5 bid'n la
QHDNl, QHDN2, QHbN3, QHDN4, QHDN5;
Nhdm 3 (Phong each lanh dao): cd 5 bid'n quan sat la
PCLDl, PCLD2, PCLD3, PCLb4, PCLD5;
Nhdm 4 (Sff bi ehit ttong cdng vide): cd 5 bid'n la
TCCVl, TCCV2, TCCV3, TCCV4, TCCV5;
Nhdm 5 (Mdi trffdng va dieu kidn lam vide): cd 4
bid'n quan sat la MTDKl, MTDK2, MTDK3, MTDK5;
Nhdm 6 (Thu nhap): cd 4 bid'n quan sat la: TNI,
TN2, TN3, TN4;
Nhdm 7 (Chinh sach khen thffdng va cdng nhan): cd
4 bid'n quan sat la KTCNl, KTCN2, KTCN3, KTCN4;
Nhdm 8 (Phuc ldi): cd 3 bid'n quan sat la PL3, PL4,
PL5.
Ttt kd't qua phan tich EFA va Cronbach's Alpha nhff
ttdn, md hinh nghien ciJu ly thuyd't chinh thttc dieu chinh
cd 8 nhan to' tac dpng dd'n dpng Iffe lam vide cua nhan
vidn VNPT Long An.
Phdn tich md hinh hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien
Phtfdng tnnh hdi quy tuyd'n tinh bieu didn md'i quan
he gitta 8 nhan td tac ddng (bid'n ddc lap) va ddng lrfc
lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An (bie'n phu
thupc) cd dang nhtf sau:
Y = a^, + a|X, + a,X, + a,X,
+ a,X,+ a,X^ "
Hoac:
Ddng ltfc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An =
a„ + a,* DTPT + a,* QHDN + a* PCLD + a^-* TCCV +
a* MTLV + a^* TN + a* KTCN + a,* PL
Nghidn cffu thffc hien chay hdi quy tuye'n tinh da bid'n
vdi phffdng phap dffa vao mdt Iffdt (phffdng phap Enter),
trong dd bid'n phu thuoc (Y) va cac bid'n ddc lap (DTPT,
QHDN, PCLD, TCCV, MTLV, TN, KTCN, PL).
Kd't qua Bang 3 cho tha'y, gia tii he sd R- la 0.781,
nghia la md hinh hdi quy myen tmh da xay dtfng phu
hdp vdi dtt hdu 78.1%. Ndi each khac, 78.1% ddng
Iffc lam vide nhan vidn VNPT Long An la do md hinh
hdi quy giai thick Cac phan cdn lai la do sai sd va cac
nhan td khac. Kiem dinh Durbin Watson = 1.826 trong
khoang [ 1 < D < 3] ndn khdng cd hidn tffdng tffdng quan
ciia cac phan dtf.
Kiem dinh sff phu hdp cua md hinh hdi quy da bie'n,
nhan tha'y gia trj Sig. ra't nhd (< 0.05). Dieu nay cd y'
nghia la cac bid'n ddc lap trong md hinh cd ttfdng quan
taye'n tinh vdi bie'n phu thude, tffc la sff kd't hdp cua eac
bid'n ddc lap cd the giai thich dffdc sff thay dd'i cua bid'n
phu thupe.
^ ' "^t Km ^^ fa/2 '^^^ cac bie'n de' do dd tin cay
thi cac bie'n ddc lap TN, PL, QHDN TCCV DTPT
MTKD, KTCN, PCLD ddu dat yeu clii do t >t
= 1.97 (nhd nha't la 2.979) va cac gia tri mtte y°'nghia
ddu the hidn dp tin cay kha cao Sig. < 0.05. Ngoai ra, he
,+ a.X^+a,Xj + a^Xj,
sd' VIF cua cac he sd Beta deu nho hdn
10 (Idn nha't la 1.805) va he sd'Tolerance
deu > 0.5 (nhd nha't la 0.554) cho thay
khdng cd hien tffdng da edng tuyd'n xay
ra (Bang 4).
Nhff vay, ca 8 nhan td: TN, PL,
QHDN, TCCV, DTPT, MTKD, KTCN,
PCLD deu cd anh hffdng ty Id thuan dd'n
dpng Iffc lam vide cua nhan vidn VNPT
Long An. Trong 8 nhan td nay thi cd
DTPT, KTCN, TN, MTDK la nhan toco
sff anh hffdng dang ke dd'n ddng Iffc lam
vide cua nhan vidn VNPT Long An. Nhan
to DTPT la quan ttpng nha't ttong md hinh
hdi quy vi cd he so' bd-ta chuan hda Idn
nha't la 0.259, tiitt ttr tie'p theo la KTCN,
TN, MTDK..
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGIII
Kd't qua nghidn ctJu cho tha'y, cac nhan
td' anh httdng dd'n dpng Ittc cua nhan vien
VNPT quan ttpng nhai't la Dao tao va phat
tridn, tid'p dd'n la chinh sach Khen thttdng
va cong nhan, Thu nhap la yd'u to' anh
httdng thtt ba, tid'p theo la Mdi trffdng va
dieu kidn lam vide; Phuc ldi; Tff chu cdng
vide; Quan he ddng nghiep.
Vi vay de nang cao ddng Iffc lam viec
cua nhan vidn, theo nhdm tac gia, VNPT
Long An can thffc hidn cac giai phap sau:
Mdt Id, dd'i vdi nhdm dao tao va phat
trien, VNPT Long An can cd nhieu hinh
thttc: dao tao tap trung, ban thdi gian hay
dao tao ttt xa, cung nhff doanh nghidp tao
thdm dieu kidn ho ttd ve tai chinh, thdi
gian de nhan vidn hpc tap. Tid'p theo, tao
cd hpi cho nhan vidn phat trien ca nhan,
tang dia vi, uy tin cung nhff quyen life
cua hp. Chinh sach ve sff thangtid'ncd y
nghia ttong vide hoan thidn ca nhan, tang
ddng Iffc lam vide cho ca nhan, ddng thdi
la cd sd de thu hut, gitt chan ngffdi gioi
dd'n va lam viec vdi td chttc.
Hai Id, ve chinh sach khen thttdng
va cdng nhan, can khen thffdng va cdng
nhan thanh tich cua ngffdi lam vide xua't
sac khdng chl mang tinh chat ddng vidn,
danh gia ca nh^n ve vat chat va tinh than,
ma cdn khuye'n khieh cae ca nhan khac
cd gang noi theo tam gffdng cua nhttng ca
nhan thanh cdng de hoan thidn ban than.
Ba Id, VNPT Long An can cd ke hoach
de tang doanh thu, nham tang quy tien
lffdng, nang cao thu nhap cho ngffdi Iao
dpng. Vi tien lffdng la md'i quan tam hang
dau va la yd'u to duy trt dpng Iffc lam viec
cua ngffdi Iao ddng ttong bat ctt td chttc
40

4. nao. Bdn canh dd, xay dffng mdt phffdng
phap phan chia thu tihap cho ngffdi Iao
dpng khoa hpe, hdp ly, iam ddn bay kich
thich nang sua't va hidu qua Iao dpng.
Bd'n Id, VNPT Long An ndn tao thi
dua ttong npi bd gan vdi phan phd'i lffdng,
lam td't thi hffdng Itfdng cao va ngtfdc lai
cung nhtf can cd phtfdng an bd tri day du
cdng cu phtfdng tidn lam vide cho ngtfdi
Iao dpng.
Ndm Id, hoan thien che dp phuc ldi.
Thffc te', VNPT Long An hang nam chi td
chttc tham quan nghi mat cho nhan vidn d
cac dia did'm lan can tinh Long An. Thdi
gian tdi, VNPT Long An can xay dttng
quy che tham quan du lich kd't hdp giao
Ittu hpc tap, dinh hffdng cho nhttng ehuydn
du lich xa d trong nffdc hoac nffdc ngoai.
Sdu la, phan quyen cho nhan vidn
trf chu trong cdng vide. VNPT Long An
can xay dffng tidu chi rd rang dd' danh
gia nhan vidn, cung nhff gan viec danh
gia nang Iffc nhan vidn vdi phan phd'i
thu nhap cho hp va tie'p tuc cd cd chd'
khen thffdng thich hdp hdn nham khuye'n
khich nhan vidn thffc hidn sang kie'n, cai
tie'n ky thuat trong hoat dpng san xua't,
kinh doanh.
Bdy Id, VNPT Long An can td chttc
lam vide nhdm 1 each thoai mai, than
thien, khdng cd ap Iffc tam ly cang thang
dd tang ddng Iffc lara viec. Dong thdi, can
tim each giai quyet cac mau thuan va sff
canh tranh gitta cac nhan vien, tranh tao
cho nhan vidn cd cam giac ludn phai canh
giac vdi chinh cac ddng nghiep cua minh,
tao sff hdp tac phdi hdp trong cdng vide.
BANG 4: DANH GlA MtlC DO PH(J HOP CCIA MO HJNH
H6I QUY TGYEN TINH DA BIEN
THONG SO MO HINH
Mo
hmh
1
He so
R
0.884"
He so
R=
0.781
He so
R- - hieu
chinh
0.771
Sai so'
chuan
ciia trdc
ItfOng
0.24935
Thong ke thay ddi
He s6'
R-sau
khi doi
0.781
He sd
Fkhi
ddi
84.937
Bac
til
do 1
8
Bac
tir do
2
191
He sd
Sig. F _
sau khi ddi
0.000
He sd
Durbin-
Watson
1.826
Bien doc lap: TN, PL, QHDN, TCCV, DTPT, MTKD, KTCN, PCLD
Bie'n phu thuoc: DLLV
BANG 4: CAC THONG SO THONG KE TRONG MO HINH
H 6 I QQY BANG PHCfONG P H A P ENTER
Mo hinh
(Hang sd)
TN
PL
QHDN
TCCV
DTPT
MTDK
KTCN
PCLD
a. Bien phu
H$ so'chi/a
chu^n hoa
B
-0.944
0.250
0.134
0.107
O.IU
0.219
0.131
0.185
0.087
Sai so' chuan
0.179
0.042
0.030
0.034
0.027
0.038
0.025
0.032
0.029
thuoc: DLLV
H^ sd
chuS^n hoa
Beta
0.241
0.185
0.127
0.159
0259
0.206
0.243
0.123
t
-5.274
5.999
4.473
3.120
4.043
5.695
5.263
5.736
2.979
Sig.
.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
Thd'ng k6
da cOng tuyd'n
H§ sd'Tolerance
0.712
0.668
0.694
0.744
0.554
0.752
0.640
0.673
He sa'viF
1.405
1.496
1.441
1.344
1.805
1.330
1.562
1.485
Ngisor.: tinh toan LCii nhrjiri i-K .<.",
tao ndn mdt bau khdng khi lam vide vui tadi, thoai mai
va hidu qua.
Tdm la, nha lanh dao can the hidn dffdc sff tdn trpng
va quy men ngffdi Iao ddng, tao ra nhttng dieu kidn de
ngffdi Iao ddng lam vide cd nang sua't va hidu qua cao
hdn, dam bao cac yeu cau cua doanh nghiep, quan tam
dd'n nhttng nhu cau vat chat, tinh than, dac bidt la nhttng
nhu cau ve tam ly xa hpi cua con ngffdi, lam cho ngffdi
Iao ddng khdng chi cam tha'y hp quan trpng vdi td chttc,
vdi cdng ty ma cdn cd gia tri trong xa hdi.Q
TAILIEU THAM KHAO
1. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpe (2008). Phdn tich dtt lieu vdi SPSS, Nxb Hong Dttc
2. Trffdng Viet Nam (2016). Nghien cffu cdc nhdn td dnh hudng din dgng Ittc ldm viec cua nhdn
vien tgi VNPT Long An, LuSn van Thac sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Cdng nghe TP. Hd Chi Minh
3. Nguydn Ngpe Lan Vy (2010). Nghien cttu cdc yiu tddnh hudng din mtte do ddng vien nhdn vien
trong cdng viec tgi cdc doanh nghiep tren dja bdn TP. Ho CM Minh, Luan van thac si kinh td', Trffdng
Dai hpc Kinh te TP. Hd Chi Minh
4. Ld Quang Hung va cac thanh vidn (2014). Xdc djnh cdc nhdn td dnh hudng den den dgng luc
ldm viec c&a nhdn vien vdn phdng vd thu ky khoa tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Cdng nghe TP. Ho Chi Minh, De
tai nghidn cttu khoa hpc cap trffdng
5. Pham Thi Thu Hda (2016). Nghien cttu dpng Ittc lam vide cua ngffdi Iao dpng trong DNNVV tai
TP. Hai ichdng, Tgp chi Kinh tivd Dubdo, sd 20, thang 08/2016
6. Kovach, K.A. (1987). What motivates employees? Workers and Supervisors give different
answers. Business Horizons
7. Kovach, K.A. (1995). Employee motivation: addressing a crucialfactor in your organization's
performance. Employment Relations Today, 22 (2), 93-107
8. Simons, T. & Enz, C. (1995). Motivating hotel employees, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant
Administration Quarterly, 36 (1), 20-27
/ and Forecast Review
41