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‫اﻟﺮﺣﲓ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺴﻢ‬
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‫ﮔﺮاﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬:
‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﯽ‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﮐﺎر‬
‫ﮔﺮدآورﻧﺪه‬:
‫ﻓﺮﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ‬
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1-‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
2-‫اول‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬
3-‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
4-‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫وﻫﯽ‬
5-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬
6-‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫در‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬،‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬،‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ‬‫در‬‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬
،‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫در‬‫روش‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬‫رد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﺻﺪد‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫و‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫دﻫﯽ‬‫دﮔﺮﺑﺎره‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫در‬‫ﺗﻼش‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫و‬‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﺷﮑﺎل‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗ‬‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫زﻣﺎن‬‫و‬‫اﺑﺪاﻋﺎت‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬‫ﻣﺪت‬‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﭽ‬،‫ﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫واﺳﻄﻪ‬‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ‬‫آﻣﺪه‬‫در‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻃﯽ‬‫دﻫﻪ‬،‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬،‫رو‬‫اﺷ‬‫ﮑﺎل‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ‬،‫اﻓﻘﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎده‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺎﮐ‬‫ﯿﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫آﻣﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.
‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫را‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮐﺴ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬
‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬‫از‬‫ارﮐﺎن‬‫اﺳﺎﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫رود‬
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‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫آﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﮔـﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫را‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬.‫ﻣ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫راﻫﮑﺎر‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬.‫راه‬
‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻏﺬ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠـ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫اﺟﺮاﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ،‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫آﻣﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬‫ﻠـﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
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•‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬)‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬(
•‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬)‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬(
‫اﻟﻒ‬–‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬)‫ﺳﺎﯾﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬:(
•‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
•‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
•‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
‫ب‬–‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬)‫آﻧﺘﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬_‫اﺳﮑﻮت‬: (
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‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ورودي‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬
‫ارﺷﺪ‬
‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬
)‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬(
،‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭘﺮس‬‫و‬‫ﺟﻮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ارﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿ‬‫ﻢ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬،‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮس‬‫و‬‫ﺟﻮﻫﺎ‬
،‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ﺳﺘﺎدي‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬
‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺣﺠﯿﻢ‬‫و‬
‫ﻣﺪل‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﮑﺮاري‬‫ﻣﺪل‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺳﺎده‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬
‫اداري‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬
،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪي‬،‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
	‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫داران‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺶ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫رﺧﺪادﻫﺎ‬،
‫روﯾﺪاد‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬،‫ﮐﺮدن‬‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
،‫ادﻏﺎم‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫روز‬‫رﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﺸﺮوح‬‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن،ﭘﺮﺳﻦ‬
‫ل‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬
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‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﺎن‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
‫ﭘﺘﺮوﻓﯿﻨﺎ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﮐﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮال‬ ‫وﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮت‬
‫ﭘﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﭼﻤﭙﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻫﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
	
‫و‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﯾﻮﻧﺎﯾ‬‫ﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬
‫ﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﯾﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺬاري،ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎت‬‫و‬
‫ﺗﺮﻓﯿﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫ت‬
‫دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺮال‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬
12
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬.
36%
‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬‫ﻧﺪ‬.
23%
‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫آوردن‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﺖ‬.
17%
،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫وﮐﯿﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬.
12%
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬.
9%
‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬.
3%
13
•‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬
•‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬
•‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬
•‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫راﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
14
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﭙﺮاﮔﻮ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺮده‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫اﺳﺖ‬:
١(‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬
٢(‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻤﺎم‬
‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺠﺎم‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫آورد‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬.
٣(‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬.
۴(‫ﭘﺸﺘ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬.
۵(‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬.
۶(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫آﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬)‫و‬ ‫اردﮐﺎﻧﯽ‬
،‫ﻋﺎﺑﺴﯽ‬1380‫ﺻﺺ‬ ،4-202(
15
‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫داده‬
‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬
16
‫ﻟﯿﺘﻞ‬DSS‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫را‬:"‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬.‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ،‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫او‬‫ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ،‫ﻮده‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫آﺳﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫راﺣﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫آن‬.‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ،‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬."
،‫ﺑﻮﻧﭽﮏ‬DSS‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫را‬‫ﺟﺰء‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺖ‬.
‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
17
18
‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬DSS‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ،‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدي‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدي‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺠﺎم‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬.
GDSS‫ﻧﻮﻋﯽ‬DSS‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬.
GDSS‫ﻣﺸـ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﮑﻼت‬
‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﯿـﺮان‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬) .‫دوﺳـﺎﻧﮑﺘﯿﺲ‬‫ﮔـﺎﻟﻮ‬‫پ‬
desanctis gallupe(
‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫د‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻫﺪف‬،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ‬.
19
‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬
‫درك‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬‫ﺮي‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﻟﺰام‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرگ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬‫ﻣﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻫﺎ‬
20
‫اﺟﺰاء‬:
١(‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬
٢(‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
٣(‫اﻓﺮاد‬
21
‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫اﻓﺰار‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼﺗﯽ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬
‫اﻓـﺰار‬ ‫ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪادي‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴـﻬﯿﻼت‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎري‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺼﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺮده‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬.
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‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫اي‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬،‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﻪ‬ ‫دﻫـﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ،‫اﻓﺰاري‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬‫ﮔـﺮدآوري‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت‬
‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذﻫﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ‬‫ﺟﻠﺴـﺎت‬ ‫ﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
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‫اﻓﺮاد‬
‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫دﯾﺪه‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪاﻧﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬.‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺎق‬‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯽ‬GDSS‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
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‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬)Groupware(
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬DSS)DSS Capabilities(
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬)telecommunications(‫آﺳﺎن‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬)Groupware(
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬DSS)DSS Capabilities(
‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬)telecommunications(‫آﺳﺎن‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬GDSS‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬GDSS‫ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺰ‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬.‫ﻣﺘ‬ ،‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺼﺎن‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫آﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬GDSS‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬GDSS‫ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺰ‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬.‫ﻣﺘ‬ ،‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺼﺎن‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫آﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬.
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‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫ﻣﺪل‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫ﻣﺪل‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫داده‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫داده‬
‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫و‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫و‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
GDSS
‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬
GDSS
‫ﭘﺮدازﺷﮕﺮ‬
GDSS
‫ﭘﺮدازﺷﮕﺮ‬
GDSS
‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬‫داده‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬
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‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫روﺷﻦ‬ ،‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ،‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎزي‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺎر‬
‫ﻣﺮدم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺜﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫رو‬ ‫در‬ ‫رو‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬
‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬
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‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻻﯾﻠﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﺳـ‬‫ﺎزﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬،‫وﻗ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺘﯽ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬،‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.
‫ﻧـﺮم‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫اﻓـﺰار‬
)Groupware(‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬.‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪان‬ ‫ﯾﺎدآوري‬‫ﺎﺷﺪ‬.
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‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬
27
‫ﮔﻮردن‬‫اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬
‫ﭼﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬‫ر‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﻮدن‬
‫ﺗـﺄﺛ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗـﯽ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻀﺎﺋﯿﺎت‬ ،‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬‫ﯿﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺬارد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺎن‬
—،‫اي‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔـﻪ‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬
‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻫﺒﺮي‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬.‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤـﺮو‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬
‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻮزه‬.
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‫ﺗﯿ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﺳﻮن‬‫ﻢ‬
‫ـﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ،‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺷ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬
‫ﺳـﺎزﻣ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد‬ ،‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺎن‬
‫داده‬ ‫اراﺋـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎزد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬
‫ﻧﺎﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎد‬
‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﻤـﺎع‬ ،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬
‫را‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺗـﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬.
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‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آر‬ ‫ﺟﯽ‬ ‫دﯾﺎن‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ـﺪار‬‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﯿﻢ‬‫ﻣﻔـ‬ ‫ـﺪي‬‫ﮐﻠﯿـ‬
‫درﺑـﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬
‫راﻫﺒـﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬‫ي‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬.
‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫در‬
‫ﻣﯿـﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ن‬
‫ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ـﺎرﮐﺮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ،‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫ‬ ‫ـﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺳﺎزد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬.
•‫اﻟﻒ‬(‫دارد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬.
•‫ب‬(‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬.‫ﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬ ،‫اي‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬–‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬‫ﺎزد‬.
‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬–‫ر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬‫اﻫﺒﺮدي‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫ذﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دو‬:
‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬–‫ر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬‫اﻫﺒﺮدي‬
‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫ذﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دو‬:
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‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫اوﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫وﻫﯽ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬:
‫اﻟﻒ‬(‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬
‫ب‬(‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬
‫ج‬(‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬
‫د‬(‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬
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‫ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿـﺎره‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬
‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻀـﺎد‬ ‫رﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫ﯿـﺎن‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻨﺪ‬.‫واﻗـﻊ‬ ‫در‬
‫اﯾـ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎره‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫آل‬ ‫ﺪه‬
‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿـﺪي‬ ‫اﺑـﺰار‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬‫آﻣـﺪن‬ ‫ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎدﻫﺎي‬‫اﺷﺨﺎص‬‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎع‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن‬-‫ﺿـﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬-‫آﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
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•‫اﺟﻤﺎع‬
•‫رأي‬‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
•‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
•‫ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ‬
‫در‬‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﻔﺮه‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎره‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧ‬‫ﺪﮔﺎن‬
‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫و‬‫رﺗﺒﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬-‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫دﻻﯾﻠﯽ‬-‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎد‬‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬،‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫روش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫آﺷﺘﯽ‬‫دادن‬‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﻀﺎوت‬‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔ‬‫ﺎن‬
‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫رود‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫رو‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫رو‬‫اﺷﺎره‬‫ﮐﺮد‬.
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‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬GDSS
‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫ﻃﺮح‬‫اﯾﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻋﺎري‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎد‬ ‫از‬
‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ‬‫اﯾﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬‫اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬‫از‬»‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬«
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز‬
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•‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬)Im proved preplanning(
•‫ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬)Increasing participation(
•‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬)open , collaborative m eeting atm osphere(
•‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺎري‬ ‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬)Criticism -free idea generation(
•‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬)Evaluation objectivity(
•‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬)Idea organization and evaluation(
•‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬‫اﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)setting priorities and m aking decisions(
•‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬)Docum entation of m eetings(
•‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬)Access to external inform ation(
•‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬"‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬")Preservation of "organizational m em ory"(
)‫ـﮑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮوﺑﻮوﺳ‬1999،‫ـﮓ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐﯿﻨ‬ ،‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫،ﮐﺮﯾﻤ‬1998‫ـﺎﯾﮑﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻮﻣ‬ ،2002:(‫ـﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬GDSS‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫را‬10
‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
35
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫وﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ،‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫آن‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪ‬.‫ﮐـ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬GDSS‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺣﻮزه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬.
‫داده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺮوري‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬‫ﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫آور‬ ‫ﺟﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ي‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ ‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫از‬،‫داده‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻟﺨﻮاه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬)OLAP(‫داده‬ ‫و‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎوي‬.‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺨـﺰن‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿـﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘـﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎوي‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ،‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ‬OLAP‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬.
36
‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬
37
38
1-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬)GDSS(‫ﺑﻨﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫رﺟﺒﻌﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ،‫ﺗﻘﻮا‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ،‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
2-‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬GDSS‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اي‬ ‫داﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮدروﺳﺎزي‬‫ﻋﺎدل‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯽ‬ ،‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﯽ‬،
،‫ﺑﺪﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﺒﯿﺰ‬‫ﮐﺎروﻟﻮس‬
3-‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬ ،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﺮان‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﯿﻀﯽ‬
[1] Turban ,Efraim(2009). Decision Support and Business
Intelligence Systems, ninth edition,pearson.
[2] Chinho Lin, Andrea CP Liu, Ming-Lung Hsu, Ju-Chuan
Wu(2008). Pursuing excellence in firm core knowledge through
intelligent group decision support system, Industrial Management
& Data Systems Volume: 108.
[3] Adla, A., Zarate, P., Soubie, J.-L.(2011). A Proposal of Toolkit for
GDSS Facilitators, Group Decision and Negotiation.

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Gdss

  • 2. ‫ﮔﺮاﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬: ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﯽ‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﺮدآورﻧﺪه‬: ‫ﻓﺮﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ‬ 2
  • 3. 1-‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 2-‫اول‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ 3-‫دوم‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ 4-‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬:‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫وﻫﯽ‬ 5-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ 6-‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ 3
  • 4. ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫در‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬،‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬‫در‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬،‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ‬‫در‬‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ،‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫در‬‫روش‬‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﻣﻮ‬‫رد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫در‬‫ﺻﺪد‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫و‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬‫دﻫﯽ‬‫دﮔﺮﺑﺎره‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫در‬‫ﺗﻼش‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫و‬‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﺷﮑﺎل‬‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗ‬‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫رﻗﺎﺑﺖ‬‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫زﻣﺎن‬‫و‬‫اﺑﺪاﻋﺎت‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬‫ﻣﺪت‬‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﭽ‬،‫ﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﺳﻄﻪ‬‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ‬‫آﻣﺪه‬‫در‬‫ﻓﻨﺎوري‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻃﯽ‬‫دﻫﻪ‬،‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫از‬‫اﯾﻦ‬،‫رو‬‫اﺷ‬‫ﮑﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ‬،‫اﻓﻘﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎده‬‫و‬‫ﺗﺎﮐ‬‫ﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯾﺎن‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫آﻣﺪه‬‫اﻧﺪ‬. ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫را‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﻗﺮار‬‫دﻫﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ‬‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮐﺴ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬‫از‬‫ارﮐﺎن‬‫اﺳﺎﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬،‫رود‬ 4
  • 5. 5
  • 6. ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫آﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﮔـﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫را‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬.‫ﻣ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫راﻫﮑﺎر‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫ﺷـﻮد‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬.‫راه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻏﺬ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎرم‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠـ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ،‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫آﻣﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاي‬‫ﻠـﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. 6
  • 7. •‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬)‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬( •‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬)‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬( ‫اﻟﻒ‬–‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬)‫ﺳﺎﯾﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬:( •‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ •‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ •‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ب‬–‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬)‫آﻧﺘﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬_‫اﺳﮑﻮت‬: ( 7
  • 8. 8
  • 9. 9
  • 10. 10
  • 11. ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬‫ورودي‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ )‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬( ،‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﭘﺮس‬‫و‬‫ﺟﻮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿ‬‫ﻢ‬‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬،‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮس‬‫و‬‫ﺟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ﺳﺘﺎدي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫داده‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﺣﺠﯿﻢ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺗﮑﺮاري‬‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺳﺎده‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺧﺎص‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر‬‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫اداري‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪي‬،‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫داران‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﭘﺮدازش‬‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻨﺶ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫رﺧﺪادﻫﺎ‬، ‫روﯾﺪاد‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬،‫ﮐﺮدن‬‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ،‫ادﻏﺎم‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫روز‬‫رﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﺸﺮوح‬‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن،ﭘﺮﺳﻦ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ 11
  • 12. ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮوﻓﯿﻨﺎ‬ ‫آﻣﺮﮐﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮال‬ ‫وﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮت‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﭼﻤﭙﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﯾﻮﻧﺎﯾ‬‫ﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫ﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﯾﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاري،ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎت‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﯿﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫ت‬ ‫دﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺮال‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ 12
  • 13. ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬. 36% ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬‫ﻧﺪ‬. 23% ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫آوردن‬،‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬‫ﺖ‬. 17% ،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫وﮐﯿﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬. 12% ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬. 9% ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬. 3% 13
  • 14. •‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬ •‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬ •‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬ •‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫راﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺧﺮده‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ 14
  • 15. ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﭙﺮاﮔﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺮده‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬‫اﺳﺖ‬: ١(‫ﮔﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ٢(‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻤﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺠﺎم‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫آورد‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬. ٣(‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬. ۴(‫ﭘﺸﺘ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬. ۵(‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬. ۶(‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫آﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬)‫و‬ ‫اردﮐﺎﻧﯽ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﺑﺴﯽ‬1380‫ﺻﺺ‬ ،4-202( 15
  • 17. ‫ﻟﯿﺘﻞ‬DSS‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫را‬:"‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬.‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ،‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫او‬‫ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل‬ ،‫ﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫آﺳﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫راﺣﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫آن‬.‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ،‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎي‬." ،‫ﺑﻮﻧﭽﮏ‬DSS‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ‬ ‫را‬‫ﺟﺰء‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺖ‬. ‫زﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ 17
  • 18. 18
  • 19. ‫اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬DSS‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫از‬ ،‫اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدي‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدي‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫آﻏﺎز‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬. GDSS‫ﻧﻮﻋﯽ‬DSS‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫راه‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬. GDSS‫ﻣﺸـ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﮑﻼت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﯿـﺮان‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬) .‫دوﺳـﺎﻧﮑﺘﯿﺲ‬‫ﮔـﺎﻟﻮ‬‫پ‬ desanctis gallupe( ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬‫د‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﻫﺪف‬،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ‬. 19
  • 20. ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫درك‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼت‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬‫ﺮي‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﻟﺰام‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰرگ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬‫ﻣﺠﺮﯾﺎن‬‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻫﺎ‬ 20
  • 22. ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫اﻓﺰار‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺪﻟﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺎق‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼﺗﯽ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫اﻓـﺰار‬ ‫ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪادي‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴـﻬﯿﻼت‬ ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎري‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺼﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺮده‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﻃﯿﻒ‬‫اي‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮده‬،‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﻪ‬ ‫دﻫـﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ،‫اﻓﺰاري‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬‫ﮔـﺮدآوري‬،‫اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذﻫﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ‬‫ﺟﻠﺴـﺎت‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬‫آﻣﻮزش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫دﯾﺪه‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪاﻧﯽ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ‬.‫ﯾﮑﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺗﺎق‬‫دﺳﺘﻪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯽ‬GDSS‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. 22
  • 23. ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬)Groupware( ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬DSS)DSS Capabilities( ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬)telecommunications(‫آﺳﺎن‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬)Groupware( ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬DSS)DSS Capabilities( ‫دور‬ ‫راه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫و‬)telecommunications(‫آﺳﺎن‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬GDSS‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬GDSS‫ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺰ‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬.‫ﻣﺘ‬ ،‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺼﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫آﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬. ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬GDSS‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬GDSS‫ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺰ‬‫آﯾﻨﺪه‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫درﺑﺎره‬.‫ﻣﺘ‬ ،‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺼﺎن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎري‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫آﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ‬. 23
  • 24. ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫داده‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ GDSS ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ GDSS ‫ﭘﺮدازﺷﮕﺮ‬ GDSS ‫ﭘﺮدازﺷﮕﺮ‬ GDSS ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬‫داده‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ‬ 24
  • 25. ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫روﺷﻦ‬ ،‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ،‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎزي‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮدم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﺜﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫رو‬ ‫در‬ ‫رو‬ ‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ 25
  • 26. ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻻﯾﻠﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻻزم‬‫ﺳـ‬‫ﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫اﻧﺪ‬،‫وﻗ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬‫از‬ ‫ﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬،‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬. ‫ﻧـﺮم‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫ﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﮐـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬‫اﻓـﺰار‬ )Groupware(‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬.‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﮐـﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾـﺎن‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪان‬ ‫ﯾﺎدآوري‬‫ﺎﺷﺪ‬. 26
  • 27. ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ 27
  • 28. ‫ﮔﻮردن‬‫اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ‫ﭼﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﻮدن‬ ‫ﺗـﺄﺛ‬ ‫اﺧﻼﻗـﯽ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻀﺎﺋﯿﺎت‬ ،‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬‫ﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺬارد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺎن‬ —،‫اي‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔـﻪ‬ ‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬ ‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻫﺒﺮي‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬.‫ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎرت‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤـﺮو‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻮزه‬. 28
  • 29. ‫ﺗﯿ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﺳﻮن‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫ـﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ،‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ارﺷ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﻣ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد‬ ،‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﺎن‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اراﺋـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎزد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎر‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻋـﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎد‬ ‫ﭘـﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﻤـﺎع‬ ،‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺗـﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬. 29
  • 30. ‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎﻓﻤﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آر‬ ‫ﺟﯽ‬ ‫دﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ـﺪار‬‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﯿﻢ‬‫ﻣﻔـ‬ ‫ـﺪي‬‫ﮐﻠﯿـ‬ ‫درﺑـﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻟﯽ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫راﻫﺒـﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬‫ي‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬. ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻣﯿـﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ن‬ ‫ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ـﺎرﮐﺮد‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ،‫ـﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮوﻫ‬ ‫ـﺮي‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬. •‫اﻟﻒ‬(‫دارد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬. •‫ب‬(‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬.‫ﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﺘﺎر‬ ،‫اي‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬–‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫راﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬‫ﺎزد‬. ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬–‫ر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬‫اﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫ذﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دو‬: ‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬–‫ر‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬‫اﻫﺒﺮدي‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫را‬ ‫ذﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮض‬ ‫دو‬: 30
  • 31. ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫اوﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫وﻫﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﻒ‬(‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫ب‬(‫وﻇﯿﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫ج‬(‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫د‬(‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‬ 31
  • 32. ‫ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿـﺎره‬ ‫ﭼﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿـﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬‫ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻀـﺎد‬ ‫رﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬‫ﯿـﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻨﺪ‬.‫واﻗـﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﯾـ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎره‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫آل‬ ‫ﺪه‬ ‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿـﺪي‬ ‫اﺑـﺰار‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬‫آﻣـﺪن‬ ‫ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎدﻫﺎي‬‫اﺷﺨﺎص‬‫ﺗﺼـﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎع‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪﮔﺎن‬-‫ﺿـﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫رﺿﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬-‫آﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ 32
  • 33. •‫اﺟﻤﺎع‬ •‫رأي‬‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ •‫اﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ •‫ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺪل‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﻔﺮه‬‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎره‬‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧ‬‫ﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫اﻏﻠﺐ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬‫و‬‫رﺗﺒﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬-‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫دﻻﯾﻠﯽ‬-‫دارﻧﺪ‬‫ﮐ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻣﺘﻀﺎد‬‫ﻧﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬.‫در‬‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬،‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫روش‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫آﺷﺘﯽ‬‫دادن‬‫ﻧﮕﺮش‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﻗﻀﺎوت‬‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔ‬‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫رود‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮارد‬‫رو‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫رو‬‫اﺷﺎره‬‫ﮐﺮد‬. 33
  • 34. ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬GDSS ‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬‫اﯾﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﻋﺎري‬‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ‬‫اﯾﺪه‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬‫اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬‫از‬»‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬« ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز‬ 34
  • 35. •‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫رﯾﺰي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶ‬)Im proved preplanning( •‫ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ‬)Increasing participation( •‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬)open , collaborative m eeting atm osphere( •‫ﻧﻘﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺎري‬ ‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬)Criticism -free idea generation( •‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬)Evaluation objectivity( •‫اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬)Idea organization and evaluation( •‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬‫اﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)setting priorities and m aking decisions( •‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬)Docum entation of m eetings( •‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬)Access to external inform ation( •‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬"‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬")Preservation of "organizational m em ory"( )‫ـﮑﯽ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮوﺑﻮوﺳ‬1999،‫ـﮓ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮐﯿﻨ‬ ،‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫،ﮐﺮﯾﻤ‬1998‫ـﺎﯾﮑﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻮﻣ‬ ،2002:(‫ـﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬GDSS‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫را‬10 ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ 35
  • 36. ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫وﻫﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ،‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫آن‬‫اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪ‬.‫ﮐـ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬GDSS‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺣﻮزه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬. ‫داده‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺮوري‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬‫ﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫آور‬ ‫ﺟﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫داده‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬ ‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫از‬،‫داده‬‫ﻓﺮاﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻟﺨﻮاه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮدازش‬)OLAP(‫داده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اﺑﺰارﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎوي‬.‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺨـﺰن‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣـﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿـﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘـﺲ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎوي‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﺑﺰار‬ ،‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ‬OLAP‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬. 36
  • 38. 38 1-‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬)GDSS(‫ﺑﻨﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺟﺒﻌﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ،‫ﺗﻘﻮا‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ،‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 2-‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ‬GDSS‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اي‬ ‫داﻧﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬‫ﺧﻮدروﺳﺎزي‬‫ﻋﺎدل‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯽ‬ ،‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﯽ‬، ،‫ﺑﺪﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﺒﯿﺰ‬‫ﮐﺎروﻟﻮس‬ 3-‫دﮐﺘﺮ‬ ،‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﯿﻀﯽ‬ [1] Turban ,Efraim(2009). Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems, ninth edition,pearson. [2] Chinho Lin, Andrea CP Liu, Ming-Lung Hsu, Ju-Chuan Wu(2008). Pursuing excellence in firm core knowledge through intelligent group decision support system, Industrial Management & Data Systems Volume: 108. [3] Adla, A., Zarate, P., Soubie, J.-L.(2011). A Proposal of Toolkit for GDSS Facilitators, Group Decision and Negotiation.