MORPHOLOGY OF TOOTH ......

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2. 2
….
A-Mx CENTRAL INCISOR
C-Md LATERAL INCISOR
B-Mx LATERAL INCISOR
D-Md CENTRAL INCISOR

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SEPTEMBER 20

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Convex buccal surface ,
Pentagon out line
Buccal cusp tip is located slightly distal of vertical axis line (
exception).
 Presence of Buccal Ridge on the middle of crown
Root – Convex ,Tapers apically
Apical third bend distally.

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Mesial-near the junction of the incisal and
middle third
Distal-Distal contact is more cervical

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Convex
Narrower on lingual than buccal side.

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 Buccal and Lingual triangular ridges
slope from each cusp to the occlusal Sulcus
meeting at the central groove.
Presence of Transverse ridges.
Crest of Curvature – Buccal- Near junction
middle and cervical third
Lingual – Centre.
Mesial marginal ridge is more Occlusally than
distal MR. ( except Md 1st PM)

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 Wider faciolingually than mesiodistally.
Cusp slopes and marginal ridges bound the
occlusal table.
Presence of triangular ridge
(except Md 2nd PM)
Presence of Central Developmental groove
except mandibular premolar.

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No main foramen was seen in 24% of maxillary
premolars and 26% of maxillary incisors.
(Morfis et al….Cohen…the path ways of pulp)

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Aligned on same axis lingual and distal tilt

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lingual cusp tip positioned
off centre to mesial
Buccal cusp is larger than
lingual

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Prominent buccal
ridge
Less prominent

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Rhomboidal Square

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MAXILLARY SECOND
PREMOLAR

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Shape is trapezoidal
Cusp tip pointed
Mesial cusp arm
longest
Prominent buccal
ridge
Oval
Rounded
Mesial cusp arm
shortest
Smooth
MAX 1ST PM MAX 2ND PM

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Lingual cusp 1 mm
shorter than buccal
Cusp tip pointed
Cervically thinner
Same level
Rounded
Thicker
MAX 1ST PM MAX 2ND PM

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Trapezoidal shape
Both cusp tip are
sharp
Mesial marginal
developmental groove
is seen
Canine fossa seen
Trapezoidal
Facial sharper than
lingual
Not seen
Not seen
MAX 1ST PM
MAX 2ND PM

19. 19
Facial cusp tip –
distal
Lingual -mesial
Hexagonal
Longer central groove
Prominent marginal
ridge
Both mesially
Oval
shorter
Less prominent
MAX 1ST PM MAX 2ND PM

20. 20
MAX 1ST PM MAX 2ND PM
1* ½-1*3/4 yrs
5-6 yrs
10-11yrs
12-13 yrs
Calcification
Enamel
completion
Eruption
Root
completion
2-2*1/4 yrs
6-7yrs
10-12 yrs
12-14 yrs

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Longer crown
More prominent cusp (110
degree)
Lower mesial than distal
contact
Prominent buccal ridge
Shorter ,wider
Less prominent cusp
(130 degree)
Lower distal than mesial
contact
Less prominent
MD 1ST PM MD 2ND PM
BUCCAL

25. 25
narrower crown
Lingual cusp very short
and narrow
Non-functional lingual
cusp
Two cusp
wider
One or two functional
lingual cusp
Functional lingual cusp
Three cusp
mesiolingual widest
MD 1ST PM MD 2ND PM
L
I
N
G
U
A
L

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Crown tilted severely to
lingual
Low mesial marginal ridge
parallel to TR
Mesiolingual groove
Root depression
Root may be divided
Less tilted
High mesial marginal ridge
No ML groove
No depression
Not divided
MD 1ST PM MD 2ND PM
P
R
O
X
I
M
A
L

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Asymmetrical, small
Converge towards
lingual
Two circular fossae two
groove
Prominent transverse
ridge
Square, larger
Wider on lingual
Three circular fossae ,
three groove
Less prominent
MD 1ST PM MD 2ND PM
O
C
C
L
U
S
A
L

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MAND 1ST PM MAND 2ND PM
1*3/4-2 yrs
5-6 yrs
10-12 yrs
12-13 yrs
Calcification
Enamel
completion
Eruption
Root completion
2*1/4 – 2*1/2yrs
6-7yrs
11-12 yrs
13-14 yrs

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Mandibular molar some point
 Largest mesiodistal dimension 11.4mm.
 Buccal groove – 2 in 1st molar ,1 in 2nd molar
 Contact-
Mesial- junction of middle and occlusal third
Distal-middle of tooth
 Cervical line mostly straight ( 90% mongoloid dipping
down of enamel)
 2 roots , mesial 1 mm longer than distal
BUCCAL

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Extreme distal root curvature seen in some
mandibular molar.

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Point to know for Mandibular molar
Narrower on lingual side
Lingual cusp more pointed , ML wider than DL
Presence of lingual groove
Cervical line straight
LINGUAL

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Point to know for Mandibular molar
Crown shorter cervico-occlusally
Lingual tilt
Distal tilt
Crown narrower on distal side
PROXIMAL

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Point to know for Mandibular molar
 Rectangular or Pentagon shape
 Grooves mandibular 1st molar – Zigzag
 Mandubular 2nd Molar + shaped
 Tuberculum sextum - six cusp of mandibular molar b/t
distal cusp and distolingual cusp
 Tuberculum intermedium when present b/t the two
lingual cusp.
( Common in Chinese people)
OCCLUSAL

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how to differentiate Mandibular 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
Four cusp and more symmetrical crown

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how to differentiate Mandibular 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
Less cervical crown convergence
One buccal groove with out Pit
Contact area more cervical
Longer and straighter root
Crown tapered more distally
BUCCAL

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how to differentiate Mandibular 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
Less broad mesial root
Less wide root apex
MESIAL

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how to differentiate Mandibular 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
 Prominent buccal cervical ridge
 Rectangular out line
 Cross shaped groove pattern
 more frequent Secondary developmental groove
 Less frequent marginal ridge grooves
 Central groove is straight
OCCLUSAL

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MAND 1ST
Molar
MAND 2ND
Molar
At Birth
2*1/2-3 yr
6-7 yr
9-10 yr
Calcification
Enamel
completion
Eruption
Root
completion
2*1/2 – 3yr
7-8yr
11-13 yrs
14-15 yr

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Some point for Mandibular 3rdmolar..
Bulbous crowns – convex on
buccal and more on the lingual
Small or narrow wrinkled
occlusal surface
4/5 cusp
MB cusp wider and longer
Crown tapper from mesial to
distal
Small crown to root ratio short
root , frequently fused ,apical
third curved distally

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Point to know for Maxillary Molars
 Largest maxillary teeth.
 5 cusp , MB longer and wider than DB
 Buccal Groove – End in pit on buccal surface
 Contact-
Mesial- junction of middle and occlusal third
Distal-middle of tooth
 Occlusocervical Dimension of crown tapers to the Distal
 3 roots, Palatal >MB>DB
BUCCAL

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Point for Maxillary molar
 Lingual surface is narrower in the cervical
third
 2nd molar smaller than 1st
 Cusp of carabelli present on first molar
 4 cusp /3 cusp 2nd molar
 Root tapper apically to blunt
 1st molar root –
longitudinal depression
LINGUAL

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Point for Maxillary Molar
 1st molar square or rhomboid
2nd molar twisted parallelogram
Tapered to lingual on 2nd and 3rd molar
Unique oblique ridge extending from ML to DB cusp
OCCLUSAL

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How to differentiate Maxillary 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
Both distal cusp are smaller

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how to differentiate Maxillary 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
 Crown distally tilt
 Buccal groove shorter without pit
 More prominent mesiobuccal cervical ridge
 Crown narrower on lingual side.
 Absent of cusp of carabelli
BUCCAL &
LINGUAL

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how to differentiate Maxillary 2nd
molar from 1st Molar
Crown smaller mesiodistally
Mesial marginal ridge less often has groove
and tubercle
MESIAL

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how to differentiate Maxillary 2nd
Molar from 1st Molar
Smaller oblique ridge
More wrinkles pit and groove pattern
Occlusal parallelogram is twisted
OCCLUSAL

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how to differentiate Maxillary 2nd
Molar from 1st Molar
Root less spread apart
Root bend more to distal
Longer root trunk
ROOT

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Max
1ST Molar
Max
2ND Molar
At Birth
3-4 yr
6-7 yr
9-10 yr
Calcification
Enamel
completion
Eruption
Root
completion
2*1/2 – 3yr
7-8yr
12-13 yrs
14-16 yr

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3-4 cusp & 3 roots 4-5 cusp & 2 roots
Crown wider
faciolingually
crown wider
mesiodistally
Occlusal – square 0cclusal -rectangular
Buccal surface flat and
vertical
Buccal surface convex
tipped lingually

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Presence of tubercle
and cusp of carabelli
Absent
Oblique ridge present
Transverse ridge
present
4 fossae / distal largest
3 fossae /central
largest

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….
A-Mx 1st Premolar
C-Md 1st Premolar
B-Mx 2nd Premolar
D-Md 2nd Premolar

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REFERENCE
Text book of dental antomy
wheelers
Shafer’s Text book of oral
pathology
Dental Anatomy … by
WOELFEL
http://www.bbc.com/earth/sto
ry/20150122-is-this-a-new-
species-of-human

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Children smile 400 times a day,
while adults only smile 20.

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“ I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a
cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose
illness may affect the person's family and economic
stability. My responsibility includes these related
problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.”
( Hippocratic oath line 6)
Upcoming seminar…….
Biology of Orthodontics tooth movement