Software and Systems

1. Systems and
Applications

2. Last Lecture’s Recap
2
- What are the basic computer operations?
- What is the difference between internal hardware and
external hardware?
- How to measure processors?
- What is the difference between HDD and SSD?
- What is the Motherboard?

3. Last Lecture’s Recap
3
- Complete:
 The two leading CPU manufacturers are
………………… and …………………..
 Number of instruction a processor can perform per
second is measured in …………………..
 RAM is ………………….. because it requires power to
work and is deleted once the computer loses power.

4. Last Lecture’s Recap
4
- True or False:
 Computer is an electronic device that accepts
information and process it and results data.
 External hardware can only be connected to the
computer via wired connection.
 Hard disk is an example of processing devices.
 One gigahertz is equivalent to 1 million instructions
per second.
 Printer is an example of output devices.

5. System Software and Application Software
5
- System software: The operating system that controls
a computer system and allow you to use your
computer

6. System Software and Application Software
6
- Enables the boot process, launches applications,
transfers files, controls hardware configuration,
manages hard drive, and protects from unauthorized
use.

7. System Software and Application Software
7
- Application software: Programs that allow a user to
perform specific tasks on a computer
- Word processing, playing a game, browsing the Web,
….

8. The Operating System
8
- Operating system: A collection of programs that
manage and coordinate the activities taking place
within a computer system.
- Acts as an intermediary layer between the user and
the computer.

9. Functions of an Operating System
9
• Providing an interface to users
• Booting the computer: Kernel is loaded into
memory, Processes are started.
• Configuring devices: Device drivers are often
needed; can be reinstalled if needed

10. Functions of an Operating System
10
• Managing resources and jobs: Makes resources
available to devices
• File management: Keeps track of files stored
on computer
• Security: Passwords, Biometric characteristics,
Firewalls

11. Processing Techniques
11
- Multitasking: The ability of an operating system to
have more than one program (task) open at one
time
- CPU rotates between tasks and Switching is done
quickly
- Appears as programs executing at the same time

12. Processing Techniques
12
- Multiprocessing: Multiple processors (or multiple
cores) are used in one computer system to perform
work more efficiently
- Each CPU (or core) typically works on a different
job.

13. Processing Techniques
13
- Memory management: Optimizing the use of
main memory (RAM)
- Virtual memory: Memory-management technique
that uses hard drive space as additional RAM

14. Application software
14
- Application software: Programs that allow a user
to perform specific tasks on a computer
- Example: Word processing, playing a game,
browsing the Web, ….

15. The Basics of Application Software
15
- Software ownership rights: Specify the allowable
use of the program.
- Software license: Specifies the conditions under
which a buyer of the program can use it.

16. Software Ownership Rights
16
- Commercial software: Copyrighted software that
is developed usually by a commercial company, for
sale to others
- Example: Microsoft Office, Photoshop
- Freeware: Copyrighted software programs that
are given away by the author for others to use free
of charge
- Example: Google Chrome
- Open-source software: Programs with source
code made available to the general public
- Example: Mozilla Firefox

17. Installed vs. Web-Based Software
17
- Installed software: Must be installed on the
computer before it can be run
- Can be purchased in physical form
- Can be downloaded from the Internet

18. Installed vs. Web-Based Software
18
- Web-based software: Run directly from the
Internet
- Also called Software as a Service (SaaS)

19. Quick Quiz
19
1. Software programs that are developed usually by a
commercial company, for sale to others
a. commercial software
b. Open-source domain software
c. Operating system
2. True or False: Operating systems act as an
intermediary layer between the user and the
computer.
3. ----------------- is an example of software program
a. Microsoft word
b. Windows
c. MacOs

20. First Assignment: Shop for your Dream
Computer
20
1- Go to this Link and decide which laptop you want to
buy.
• What do you need the PC for? Gaming? Student Life?
Business?
• Is portability an issue for you?
• Decide on the specifications for your dream computer
• Have three options for different budget level (low-
moderate-and extremely expensive)
• Write a report to show the options you selected. Be
prepared to present your work.