رعاية المسنين ودور الخدمة الاجتماعية

1. ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬/‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرك‬-‫اﻟﻘﺮى‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﮭﻮدھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧﺤ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﻼل‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻜﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬.‫اﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﺌ‬‫ﺎرﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮا‬ ‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﺮع‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫أن‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫دول‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﯾﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدرة‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﺴﻦ‬‫واﺣﺪ‬‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٢٠٥٠‫م‬.‫و‬‫ﺄﺗﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬
‫ﺎل‬‫ﺑﻤﺠ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫إﻃﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫رﻋﺎﯾ‬‫ﻟﻼ‬‫ﺎء‬‫رﺗﻘ‬‫ﮫ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺴﯿﻦ‬‫وﺗﺤ‬‫ﺴﺘﻮاه‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮء‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ﺎرات‬‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫أﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﮭ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﻮاﺟ‬‫ﻓ‬ ،‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮذﺟﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﺮح‬‫ﺘﻄ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ھﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬:‫ﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮذج‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻮذج‬‫ﻧﻤ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎﺗﮭﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺮف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣ‬‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬.‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬،‫ﺴﻌﻮدي‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺬ‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ،‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذج‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬.
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2. 2
Abstract
New Therapeutic Models for Aging Welfare
By
Mohammed Misfer Al-garni, Ph.D
Associate Professor, Social Work Dep., Umm Al-Qura University
Social work is concerned with the provision of help and support to
the different sectors of society through various means of social
welfare and services. Among these sectors, the elderly has
attracted greater attention, being the fastest growing segment of
the population. UN statistical annual reports forecast considerable
increase in the elderly population, reaching about 20% of the total
population by 2050. Concomitantly, the profession of social work
should develop new tools and employ appropriate techniques to
cope with this emerging situation. This study attempts to contribute
to such endeavor by presenting two therapeutic models: the Case
Management and the Auxiliary Function models, explaining their
philosophical assumption and practitioner roles. Both models are
discussed to investigate their applicability with the elderly in Saudi
Arabia, bearing in mind the social and cultural considerations in
the Saudi society where the application will take place.
Keywords: Aging welfare, Case management, Auxiliary function
model.
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3. 3
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬/‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرك‬-‫اﻟﻘﺮى‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷﻓﺮادھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫رﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﺮه‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻗﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰدھﺮ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬
، ‫ﺼﺤﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻞ‬‫ﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺪ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫واﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺎﻋﻲ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫واﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫واﻟﺠﺎﻧ‬.‫وﻷن‬
‫واﻻزدھﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮي‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮرد‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺮوة‬‫اﺳﺘﻠﺰم‬‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﮭ‬‫ﺔ‬‫رﻋﺎﯾ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬.‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺮاﺣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻋﻘﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺎ‬‫وﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﯾﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺸﺮي‬‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫وﻷن‬
‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﻻت‬ ‫وﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫أوﺟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮھ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺰھ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬.، ‫ﺸﺒﺎب‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻨﺎك‬
‫ﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬ ، ‫ﻟﻸﺳﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬
‫ﻃ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬‫اﻟﻤﺪى‬ ‫ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺪى‬ ‫ﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﺎدة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺼﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫وﻗ‬)٢٥(‫ﮫ‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن‬‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﻮق‬‫ﻟﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻼن‬‫اﻹﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬" :‫ﺴﺎن‬‫إﻧ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻤ‬ ، ‫ﺮﺗﮫ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ورﻓﺎھﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ورﻓﺎھﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺤﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ‬
‫ﻀ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ، ‫ﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺄﻛ‬‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺤ‬ ، ‫ﺮورﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎن‬".)، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬١٩٨٤.(
‫ﺴﺎن‬ ‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫آﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫واﻟ‬.‫ﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﻗ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟﻌ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻰ‬‫وﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﮫ‬‫ﺴﺎن‬‫اﻹﻧ‬‫ﺮا‬‫وأﺧﯿ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻔﺎ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺪا‬‫وﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺪأ‬‫ﻓﯿﺒ‬ ،‫ﺪدة‬‫ﻣﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑﻤﺮاﺣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﯾﻤ‬
‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺨﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬" :‫اﷲ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟﻌ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻮة‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻌﻒ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫وﺷﯿﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬")، ‫اﻟﺮوم‬٥٤.(
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪﻧﯿﻮﯾ‬ ‫ﺸﺌﻮن‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﯿ‬ ‫ﺮﯾﻦ‬‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺤﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻒ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺰ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﻷن‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻈﺎھﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ، ‫اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ،
‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺔ‬‫واﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺮاض‬‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﺮة‬.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺒﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻼل‬‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ھ‬ ‫إذا‬
‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬.
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4. 4
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫ﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺮا‬‫ﻧﻈ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫واﻟﻤﺤﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫وﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﻈﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺆ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺸﻮرات‬‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻢ‬‫اﻷﻣ‬‫ﺎم‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﻔﺘ‬ ‫ﻼل‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤ‬٢٠٠٠
‫ﺎم‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬٢٠٥٠‫م‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮق‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪاد‬‫اﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺰﯾﺪ‬‫ﺳ‬٢١٤‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻣﻠﯿ‬
١١٢١‫ﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻣﻠﯿ‬‫ﻮق‬‫ﻟﺘﻔ‬٢٢%‫ﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬،"‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺪم‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫وذﻟ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬‫وأﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬‫ا‬‫ﻷﻣﺮاض‬‫ﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺴﻼم‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪر‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻮاﻓﺮ‬‫وﺗ‬")‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋﺒ‬
،‫ﺷﺎذﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ‬٢٠٠١(.
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎرﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬‫واﻻﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫أدت‬
‫ﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺮاك‬ ‫واﻟﺤ‬ ، ‫ﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺮواﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺮأﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺠ‬
‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺮي‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒ‬ ‫ﺪم‬‫اﻟﺘﻘ‬ ‫أدى‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻀﻄﺮدة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫زﯾ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺤﻘﮫ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﯾﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ،‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺪم‬‫ﺗﻘ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻲ‬‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬.
‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻘ‬‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﯾ‬‫ﯿﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﻠ‬‫ﺬﻟﺖ‬ ‫وﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻵوﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﮭ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻨ‬ ، ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻈ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﮭ‬ ‫ﺼﺮت‬ ‫اﻧﺤ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺨ‬
‫وأﺳﻔﺮ‬‫ﺎم‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺼﯿﺺ‬‫ﺗﺨ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬١٩٩٩‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﻋﻮة‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫دوﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻨﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻟﯿﻜ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺸﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫أﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣ‬‫ﻠﮭﻢ‬
‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮام‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻞ‬.
‫ﻢ‬ ‫رﻗ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺮار‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬٥٤/٢٦٢‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻘ‬
‫اﺑﺮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬٢٠٠٢‫ﺔ‬‫دوﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬‫ﺮن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﯾﻤﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺄﺧ‬
‫ﻼء‬ ‫إﯾ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺸﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺤ‬‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﺪان‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣ‬)‫ﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘ‬
،‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺆون‬٢٠٠٤(.
‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎع‬‫أوﺿ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﻦ‬‫ﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﺠﮭ‬ ‫ﺬل‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫ﺒﺎع‬‫وإﺷ‬‫ﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟ‬
‫ﺆدي‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺮار‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﺮه‬‫أﺛ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﺮون‬ ‫ﯾﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻄﺮاﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺿ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫وأﻗ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫أﻛﺜ‬ ‫ﻮا‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮﻧ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﮭ‬)،‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻨ‬
٢٠٠٣.(
‫ﺴﯿ‬‫وﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﺤﯿﺔ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﯾﺆﻛﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻤﺎ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎدر‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌ‬
‫ﮫ‬‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺸﺆون‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﯿﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﺋﻔﮫ‬.‫ﺮف‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻷھﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﻮد‬‫اﻟﺠﮭ‬ ‫ﺬل‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫وھ‬
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5. 5
‫ﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻘ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬‫ﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫وإﺷ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺧ‬ ‫ﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.
‫ﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫واﻻھﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺣﺪى‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺴﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺼﺪى‬‫وﺗﺘ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻜﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻮاﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮق‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬‫ﮭﻢ‬‫ﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬.‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎءت‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫رﻋﺎﯾ‬‫ﺳﻤﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬‫و‬‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻮى‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣ‬‫ﻮء‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﺎرات‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬‫ﺎء‬ ‫أﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﮭ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮذﺟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎرﺣ‬ ،
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ھﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬:‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎﺗﮭﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺮف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮذج‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫ﻮذج‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣ‬.‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜ‬
‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻮاﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﺸﻜﻼت‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬‫اﻷﻓ‬‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧ‬ ‫ﺎة‬‫ﻣﺮاﻋ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺬ‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫أھﺪاف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷھﺪاف‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺪف‬:
١.‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫وواﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.
٢.‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬.
٣.‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮف‬
٤.‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬.
٥.‫اﻷﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻻ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺎر‬‫ﻓﻜﺒ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫اﻵﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﺶ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﯾﻜﻔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻤ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﯿﺔ‬‫واﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬.‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬‫ﻮاﺣﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪم‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪدت‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺬاء‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺴﻔﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﻠ‬ ‫ﺮه‬‫أﻃ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﮭ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫وﻛ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫رﻋﺎﯾ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫ﻣﺠ‬‫ﺎﻟﯿﺒﮫ‬‫وأﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫وﻣﮭﺎراﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬.‫أن‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﯿ‬
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6. 6
‫ﺪول‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻣﯿ‬–‫ﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫واﺣ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭ‬–‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺳ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻼج‬ ‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻼج‬ ‫واﻟﻌ‬.‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أھﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫وﻋﻠ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺪان‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮب‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻏ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿ‬ ‫ﺪاث‬‫اﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪرﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻮف‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫وﻛﻔﺎءة‬‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻒ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺼﻮﺻﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﯿﮭ‬ ‫ﺸﺄة‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.‫ﻊ‬‫ﺗﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ھﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﮭ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أھﻤﯿ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻮف‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻻﻣﺒﺮﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫أھﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬‫ﺬه‬‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﺮي‬‫اﻟﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﻻﻃ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪف‬‫اﻟﮭ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﮭﺠﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺴﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫أھﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬
‫ﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎءة‬‫ﻛﻔ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻊ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺴﯿﻦ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﯾﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺞ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫ﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻷدﺑﯿ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻼع‬‫واﻻﻃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫اﻟﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺪت‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﺑﻤﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ذات‬.‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫وواﺟﮭ‬‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺒﺎﺣ‬
‫ﺎءة‬‫وﻛﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻮف‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ھ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎوﻟﮭ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫واﻻھﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ، ‫واﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺣﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬،‫آﻧﻔﺎ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫دول‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺟﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أدل‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫أﻋﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اد‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻀﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎرﯾﺮ‬ ‫أﺷﺎرت‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻋﺪد‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﯿﻦ‬٦٥‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬٢٠٣٠
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7. 7
‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬.‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أوﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫أرﺟﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫وھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻠﻘﺎھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬)،‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬٢٠٠٥.(
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺮع‬.‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫إذ‬٢٠٠٥‫ﻋﻤﺮه‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫م‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٦٥‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬١٠‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬.‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺮ‬‫ﺳﺘﺰﯾﺪ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻦ‬‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬٢٠٥٠‫وﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫م‬‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
٢١٠٠‫وﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫م‬‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬٢١٥٠‫م‬)،‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬٢٠٠٥(.
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﺮح‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي؟‬‫ﯾﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮد‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫؟‬ ‫وﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪي‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺎھﺮة‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدرة‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬١٥‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻜﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬٣٧%‫اﻟﺴﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﻮدي‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬٦٥‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬٩%‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺜﯿﻠﮫ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬٢٠‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬)، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫اﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎت‬٢٠٠٥(.
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻻﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدرة‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪاد‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬١٩٩٢‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬٦٠‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬٥%‫ﺑــــ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬١٣‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯿﻮن‬.‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬٢٠٠٤‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﺰت‬ ‫م‬٩%‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺑـــ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻮع‬١٦٫٥
‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯿﻮن‬)،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬٢٠٠٥(.
‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫دول‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ھﻨﺎك‬٢٢%‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٦٥‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
٢١%، ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬١٩%‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٦٥‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬.
‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬‫ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮي‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬
،‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬٢٠٠٥(.
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺰز‬ ‫وﻣﻤﺎ‬‫ﺳﻨﻮﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﯾﺮ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬‫أن‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬٢٫٦٩‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٠٫٩٧‫وﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬٠٫٣٤.‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
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8. 8
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻄﺮدة‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
)، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬٢٠٠٥.(
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫إذا‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻇﺎھﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻘﻮل‬
‫أن‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻮ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬٣٧%‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬١٥‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺾ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫دﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫واﺣﺘﺮاﻣﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬.‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎ‬‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاھﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٦٥‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬)، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫إﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎت‬٢٠٠٣.(
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎھﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬٩%‫ﺳﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬٦٠‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ،‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﺮام‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺮزه‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻀﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻇﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﺰاﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﺪاد‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وإذا‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬–‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﻼب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺮاف‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎھﺪات‬‫ﺪاﻧﻲ‬-‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫أﺳﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬:‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫دور‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﯾﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﺗﺄﺧ‬ ‫ووﻗﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وأﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺮز‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪراﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺌﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬)،‫اﻟﺴﯿﺴﻲ‬٢٠٠١.(
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ‬
‫أوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫وﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬.
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪم‬.‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﺮى‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬)،‫ﻏﻨﯿﻢ‬٢٠٠٣.(
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9. 9
‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﺮى‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻮف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺄس‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺎﺣﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬.‫وﯾﻌﺮف‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬‫ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻮط‬)‫ﻗﻨ‬،‫ﺎوي‬٢٠٠١.(
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ھﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺮف‬ ‫واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻷدوار‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻷدوار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬‫إدراك‬‫اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻟﮫ‬
‫وﺳﻠﻮﻛﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﺬاﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫إﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬
)،‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎن‬١٩٩٦.(
‫واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺎﺣﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻮر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي‬.‫ﺗﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﯿﺰة‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺎھﺮة‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﺮادھﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺼﺪ‬‫واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫أﺳﺮھﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أوﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺪون‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬.‫ﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ورﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫وأﻛﺪت‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎھﺎ‬
‫اﻻﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫دﯾﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬.
‫اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺮأت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄة‬ ،‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أوﺟﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬
‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫أﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬)،‫أﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﻞ‬١٤١١.(‫وھﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﯾﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫دور‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬.‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫أﻧﺸﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫وھﯿﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺎت‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.
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10. 10
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪى‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺄھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮات‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرا‬ ‫ﻣﺎزال‬ ‫وأﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﺬات‬‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬
‫وﻧﻤﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫وازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻇﮭﺮت‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎرع‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻦ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﻔﺎدت‬‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬–‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫إﺣﺪاھﺎ‬–‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻨﺎك‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وھﻨﺎك‬ ،‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫وﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻇﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﮭﺎرات‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻨﯿﻜﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬‫إﻻ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪارس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺪرج‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼث‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬)Three – D Force(‫وھﻲ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬)Corey, 1996.(
‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرس‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻲ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﻠﻮب‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬ ‫ذاﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬.‫ﻓﻜﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﮭﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻮب‬.
‫ﻓﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮرت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄة‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬)‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬–‫اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﯿﻦ‬–‫اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﯿﻦ‬–‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬(‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬‫ﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬)‫أﺳﺮﯾﺔ‬
–‫ﻧﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬–‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬–‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬(‫وﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮف‬.‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫أدﺑﯿﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﺸﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻼء‬ ‫ﯾﻮاﺟﮭﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺣﺎول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫وﻧﻤﻮذج‬ ،‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻼج‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻼج‬
‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬.‫اﻓﺘﻘﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻛﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺔ‬.
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‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫وھﺬه‬
‫إﻟﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺮق‬–‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬–‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫أدﺑﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻇﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺗﻔﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﯾﺪ‬‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬.‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻠﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻤﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاض‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺎت‬:
١-‫واﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬)Continuation Theory(:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬.‫ﯾﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬‫اﻷﻧﻤﺎط‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮارﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷدوار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻤﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺎوﻟﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أﻧﺼﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻮا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺎوﻟﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﺜﯿﺮا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺎدوا‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻮﺧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﮫ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬)Activity Theory:(‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺮاض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬
‫وھﺬا‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﻨﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫روﺣﮫ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬.‫أھ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬‫واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻧﺪﻣﺎﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﮫ‬ ‫وإﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﮫ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬.
٣-‫اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬)Disengagement Theory:(‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﺬ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮرا‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻔﺘﺮض‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺆرة‬‫ت‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬
‫واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷدوار‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﯿﺶ‬‫ﺎت‬.‫وأﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺮى‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.
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‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬‫ﻟﻜﺒﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬‫اﻟﻨﻀﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬
)،‫ﻗﻨﺎوي‬١٩٨٧.(‫واﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫وھﺬه‬.
‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬:
١.‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪاﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎءة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬.
٢.‫ﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫وﺿﻌﻒ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫اﻷﻣﻌﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎت‬.
‫وﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫ﯾﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫إن‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻌﺪ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻄﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪھﻦ‬ ‫وﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﻮﻧﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻠﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻜﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫اﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬.‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻈ‬‫وﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻄﻢ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻜﺎ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻮھﻦ‬ ‫ﺎھﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰداد‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫زاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺴﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬)٢٠٠١(‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أﻇﮭﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬
‫وﺻﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮات‬‫وﺗﺠﻌﺪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮأ‬‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﺪﻧﻲ‬ ،
‫وﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺪان‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬.
‫وﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺒﺎﺳﻂ‬ ‫رﻓﻌﺖ‬)١٩٩٣(‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫دراﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮﯾﺘﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬.‫وﻣ‬‫ﯾﻔﺎﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬.
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺪو‬ ‫وھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫وﺗﻮھﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب‬ ‫أﻋﺮاض‬ ‫ﻇﮭﻮر‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬‫وﻛﺜﺮة‬ ‫ﺮض‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻮى‬)، ‫اﻟﺴﺪﺣﺎن‬١٩٩٨.(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻜﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬ ‫وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻇﺮوف‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ‬
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‫ﯾﺘﻐﯿ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ‬ ‫ذاﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ، ‫أﺑﻨﺎﺋﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮا‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮا‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬)،‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬٢٠٠١(.
‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮرا‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻷدوار‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ھﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬.‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدوار‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮوم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻗﺎدر‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬.‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫أﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬)،‫ﻋﯿﺴﻮي‬١٩٨٩.(
‫ھﺎﻓﺠﮭﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪد‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬)١٩٦٨(‫إﻟﻰ‬‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﺿﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬‫ﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫وأﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺴﻦ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮد‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻓﯿﻌﻤﺪون‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎط‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
)، ‫ﻛﺮوف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﯾﺪر‬١٩٩٢‫م‬.(
‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻷﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬
‫ﺳﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ،‫ﻏﯿﺮه‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﺎدر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺰوج‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺰل‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺟﻮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺣﯿﺪا‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬‫ﻟﮫ‬.
‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬:
١.‫واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻻدراﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرات‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬.‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬ ‫وھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫وﺣﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫إﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬.
٢.‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫إذ‬ ،
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬات‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺮوﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬.
٣.‫واﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﻐﻀﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺜﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺰان‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬.
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻔﺮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮوق‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬)، ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬١٩٩٣.(
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺒ‬ ‫إن‬‫رﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﯾﺔ‬‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻷول‬.
‫وﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﮭﻮم‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ، ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺮأ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺒﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات‬‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺪة‬ ‫وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫وإذا‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إرﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ، ‫وﺣﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮي‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إرﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮات‬.‫ھﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫وﻟﮭﺬا‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ه‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬)، ‫ﻣﻨﺎع‬١٩٨٤.(
‫اﻵﺗﻲ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬:
١.، ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻒ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫وأﻣﺮاض‬ ،.‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ذھﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬.
٢.‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬:‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬.‫ﺣﺐ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺪان‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻮف‬ ، ‫واﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺎﺑﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴﻨﻮن‬
‫اﻵ‬‫واﻷھﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺪان‬ ، ‫ﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬.
٣.‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬:‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪات‬ ‫وﻷن‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫دوﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮوﻓﺎت‬‫ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫واﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أﺷﺎرت‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻣﺎن‬ ‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻇﮭﻮر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫إﺷﺒﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬.‫وھﺬه‬
، ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺠﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻐﺬاء‬.
٤.‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬:‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺷﺌﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺪﺑﺮ‬ ‫أﻣﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺮﺗﮫ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﯿﻼ‬ ‫وﻗﺎﺋﺪا‬ ‫رﺑﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺑﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺟﺰا‬ ‫وﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪا‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻷدوار‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻰ‬ ،
‫ﺑﺎﻵ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬)،‫اﻟﻜﯿﻼﻧﻲ‬١٩٩٣‫م‬.(‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪاﻣﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺮاھﺎ‬ ،‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.
‫ﺗﺒﻌﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ووﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬
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15. 15
‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫واﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫واﻹﺣﺒﺎط‬ ‫واﻟﺴﺄم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﺎھﺮ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫ھﺪف‬ ‫ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ ‫اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت‬.
‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫أوﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻮد‬ ‫آل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬–‫ﺛﺮاه‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻃﯿﺐ‬-‫ﻟﮭ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺮف‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫واﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬"‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬".‫ﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﺸﺌﺖ‬ ‫وﺣﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺘﺎم‬١٣٧٥‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺮاف‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ھـ‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺆون‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وزارة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺘﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﺪور‬١٣٨٠‫ھـ‬)‫ﻣﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزارة‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺆون‬ ‫وزارة‬(‫وﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزارة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ‬ ‫وأﺻﺪرت‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬)‫وزارة‬‫اﻟﺸﺆون‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬،١٤١٩.(
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫دور‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫أرﺟﺎء‬‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬)‫ﻟﻠﺬﻛﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎض‬‫و‬‫ﻟﻺﻧﺎث‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺎض‬-‫ﻋﻨﯿﺰة‬-‫اﻟﺪواﺳﺮ‬ ‫وادي‬-‫اﻟﺪﻣﺎم‬-‫اﻟﺠﻮف‬-‫اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة‬-‫أﺑﮭﺎ‬-‫اﻟﻤﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺔ‬–‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‬(.‫أﻋﺠﺰﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺆون‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺠﺰون‬ ‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬.
‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫روﻋﻲ‬ ‫وﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬-‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬-‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻷﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎة‬
‫واﻟﺴﻜﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬.‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫وﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫دور‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬.‫ﻛ‬‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎدرﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﺗﺘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺮﻓﯿﮭﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎون‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺰﯾﺎرات‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎﺳﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫رﺑﻄﮭﻢ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﺪاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺣﻼت‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﺎرب‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬‫وأﺻﺪﻗﺎءھﻢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻦ‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.
‫وﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ه‬
)١٥٠(‫وﺧﻤﺴﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬‫رﯾﺎﻻ‬‫ﯾﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﮭﺮﯾﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺷﺮاﺋﮭﺎ‬.
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