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Structure Analysis I
Lecture 2
Types of Structures
& Loads
Introduction
• Structure refers to a system of connected parts
used to support load, such as Buildings, Bridges,
towers, …………….
Structural Elements
• Tie Rods
• Beams
• Columns
Type of Structure
• Trusses
• Cables & Arches
• Frames
• Surface Structures
Loads
 Codes
• General Building Codes
1. ASCE
2. UBC
• Design Codes
1. ACI
2. AISC
3. AASHTO
Dead Load
Live Load
• Building Loads
• Bridge Load
Wind Load
)
(N/m
613
.
0 2
2
I
V
K
K
K
q
pressure
Wind
d
zt
z
z 
Snow Load
Earthquake Load
Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure
Other natural Loads
Structural Design
• LRFD (Load and resistance factor design)
Load combination example:
1.4 Dead Load
1.2 Dead Load +1.6 Live Load
1.2 Dead Load +1.6 Live Load + 0.5 Snow Load
1.2 Dead Load + 1.5 Eq. Load + 0.5 Live Load

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Structure_I_lecture2.ppt