Farmer’s lung disease: Farmer's lung disease (FLD) is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) caused by inhaling microorganisms from hay or grain stored in conditions of high humidity in the agricultural workplace. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disease of the lung involving the terminal airways. It's also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, hypersensitivity alveolitis, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The "-itis" at the end of these names means it causes inflammation. With farmer's lung, the inflammation, or swelling, is in the lungs. Two conditions cause COPD: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both affect your lungs in different ways. Asthma is not typically considered a type of COPD, but it is a chronic respiratory condition. You can have asthma along with COPD. Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem

1. Farmer’s lung disease & COPD
Presented by: mohammadsaleh moallem

2. PBL
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Questions:
7. What is farmer’s lung disease?
9. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)
11. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

3. Question 1:
7. What is farmer’s lung disease?

4. Farmer’s lung disease:
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic
allergic alveolitis, is an immunologically mediated
inflammatory disease of the lung involving the terminal
airways.
Farmer's lung disease (FLD) is a form of hypersensitivity
pneumonitis (HP) caused by inhaling microorganisms from
hay or grain stored in conditions of high humidity in the
agricultural workplace.
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

5. Farmer’s lung disease:
It's also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis,
hypersensitivity alveolitis, or hypersensitivity
pneumonitis.
The "-itis" at the end of these names means
it causes inflammation. With farmer's lung,
the inflammation, or swelling, is in the lungs
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

6. Symptoms and signs of Farmer’s lung disease:
It divides into 3 stages:
1. Acute stage
2. Subacute stage
3. Chronic stage
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

7. Symptoms and signs of Farmer’s lung disease:
Acute Stage:
After 4 to 8 hours symptoms such as headache, irritating
cough, and shortness of breath upon physical exertion,
appear.
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

8. Symptoms and signs of Farmer’s lung disease:
Subacute Stage:
Symptoms persist without further exposure, and increase in
severity.
Symptoms include: shortness of breath upon exertion,
chronic coughing, physical weakness, occasional fever and
sweating, decrease in appetite, aches and pains
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

9. Symptoms and signs of Farmer’s lung disease:
Chronic Stage:
Debilitating effects are now considered long-term.
Symptoms include: severe shortness of breath, chronic
coughing, physical weakness, occasional fever and sweating
at night, decrease in appetite, and general aches and pains.
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

10. Symptoms and signs of Farmer’s lung disease:
These symptoms develop between 4 and 8 hours after
exposure to the antigens.
In acute attacks, the symptoms mimic pneumonia or flu.
In chronic attacks, there is a possibility of the victim going
into shock and dying from the attack.
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

11. Diagnosingof Farmer’s lung disease:
Diagnoses of Farmer's lung is difficult due to its similarity to cold and
flu-like symptoms. Doctors diagnose patients with Farmer's lung
under the following conditions:
1. A clinical history of symptoms such as cough, fever, and labored breathing
when exposed to mold in work environment.
2. The presence of diffuse lung disease in chronic cases.
3. Presentation of antibodies when exposed to thermophilic Actinomyces.
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

12. Diagnosingof Farmer’s lung disease:
Examination procedures may include:
a. Taking a blood test
b. Taking a chest x-ray
c. Administering a breathing capacity test
d. Administering an inhalation challenge
e. Examining lung tissue
f. Performing an immunological investigation
g. Performing a lung function test
h. Reviewing the clinical history
Question 1:
1. What is farmer’s lung disease?

13. PBL
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Questions:
7. What is farmer’s lung disease?
9. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)
11. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

14. Question 2:
9. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

15. COPD:
COPD refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow
blockage and breathing-related problems.
It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
It stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

16. COPD:
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

17. Types of COPD:
Two conditions cause COPD: chronic bronchitis and
emphysema. Both affect your lungs in different ways.
Asthma is not typically considered a type of COPD, but it is a
chronic respiratory condition. You can have asthma along
with COPD.
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

18. Types of COPD:
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is long-term inflammation of the bronchi.
Chronic bronchitis develops because fibers that look like hairs, called
cilia, disappear from your bronchial tubes. This makes it difficult to
cough mucus from your lungs.
It is common among smokers. People with chronic bronchitis tend to
get lung infections more easily. They also have episodes of acute
bronchitis, when symptoms are worse.
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

19. Types of COPD:
Emphysema
Emphysema develops over time and involves the gradual damage of
lung tissue, specifically the destruction of the alveoli.
Emphysema affects how the lungs transfer oxygen into the
bloodstream. This can result in difficulty breathing because the lungs
lose their elasticity.
This causes air sacs (alveoli) to increase in size. The larger size makes
it harder for the lungs to move oxygen into the bloodstream.
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

20. Diagnosis of COPD:
The doctor will diagnose COPD using a breathing test called a
spirometry test. This measures how much air you exhale. You take
deep breaths into a tube that a computer monitors to determine if
you have COPD or another condition like asthma.
The doctor may order an imaging test to see the lungs. This could be
a chest X-ray or a CT scan.
Additional diagnostic tests may include monitoring the breath as the
patient sleeps or exercises.
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

21. Treatment of COPD:
1. a short-acting bronchodilator to relax the muscles around your
lungs
2. inhaled or oral corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
3. antibiotics for infections
4. phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
5. theophylline
6. oxygen therapy
7. pulmonary rehab
8. surgery (for serious cases)
9. lung transplant
Question 2:
2. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)

22. PBL
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
Questions:
7. What is farmer’s lung disease?
9. Explain COPD? Types of COPD (sings and symptoms)
11. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

23. Question 3:
11. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

24. Blood pressure:
Blood pressure is taken using two measurements:
Systolic (measured when the heart beats, when blood
pressure is at its highest)
Diastolic (measured between heart beats, when blood
pressure is at its lowest).
The force of circulating blood on the walls of the arteries.
Question 3:
3. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

25. Measuring the BP:
A sphygmomanometer, also known
as a blood pressure monitor, or
blood pressure gauge, is a device
used to measure blood pressure.
Question 3:
3. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

26. Measuring the BP: The sphygmomanometer parts name:
Question 3:
3. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

27. Measuring the BP: Types of sphygmomanometer:
Question 3:
3. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?
Digital
Manual

28. Measuring the BP:
Please watch the video about measuring the BP with
manual sphygmomanometer:
Question 3:
3. What is blood pressure? How it is measured?

29. Thank you for your attention
Presented by: Mohammadsaleh Moallem
默汉 201816230152