Decentralization is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central,
authoritative location or group.
2. Content
What is Decentralization
Decentralization Vs Centralization
Types of Decentralization
Advantages and Disadvantages
Classic example of Decentralizations
Should Your Organization Be Decentralized?
Decentralization Organizations Examples
3. What is Decentralization?
Decentralization is the process by
which the activities of an organization,
particularly those regarding planning
and decision making, are distributed
or delegated away from a central,
authoritative location or group.
Concepts of decentralization have
been applied to group dynamics and
management science in private
businesses and organizations, political science, law and public
administration, economics, money and technology.
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8. Centralization Decentralization
The unification of powers and authorities, in
hands of high-level management
Dispersal of powers and authorities by the top
level to the functional management.
The systematic and consistent concentration of
authority at central points.
Unlike, decentralization is the systematic
delegation of authority in an organization.
Centralization is best for a small sized
organization,
The large sized organization should practice
decentralization.
There are full leadership and coordination in
Centralization.
Decentralization shares the burden of the top
level managers.
Formal communication exists
Communication stretches in all directions.
In centralization due to the concentration of
powers in the hands of a single person, the
decision takes time.
Decentralization proves better regarding
decision making as the decisions are taken
much closer to the actions.
9. Types of Decentralization
TYPE CRITERIA
POLITICAL
Democratization, citizen participation,
legitimate government (s)
SPATUAL
Balance pattern of regional development:
Primacy vs. Mature urban hierarchy
ADMINSTRATIVE
Transfer of functions with regards to
planning, management, allocation of
resources
MARKET
Transfer of some responsibilities from the
State’s domain to the market
10. Advantages of Decentralization
Reduces the burden on top
executives
Facilitates diversification
provide product and market
emphasis
Executive Development
It promotes motivation
Better control and supervision
Quick Decision-Making
11. Dis Advantages of Decentralization
Uniform policies not Followed
Problem of Co-Ordination
More Financial Burden
Require Qualified Personnel
Conflict
13. So, How can we tell an Organization would
benefit from Decentralization?
14. Real World Examples of Decentralization
Fortune 500 company , it employs
approximately 50,000 people
100 of businesses across 55 countries
ITW has $6 billion in sales
it is broken into 400 units
an average revenue of just $15 million
Each unit has its own general manager
There aren’t any companywide, preset
benchmark profit goals
top management imposes standards
based on a particular unit’s competition
Philip Morris bought General Foods in
1985, then bought Kraft in 1988
Oscar Mayer, Nabisco, and Jacobs Suchard
in Europe
Instead of letting all of them have their
own functions and operate as business
units within a holding company, there was
a centralized model with very strong
functional control.
Kraft Foods created a new, more
decentralized, business model
Outcome: The centralized structure did
not work
15. Examples of Organizations That Are a Combination
of Centralized and Decentralized
Subway
Subway gives local stores control over hiring, but a
centralized headquarters makes decisions about things such
as menu and marketing.
Johnson & Johnson
Johnson & Johnson, well known for its decentralized
structure, has over 200 units that function autonomously.
Some focus on particular components of a product, requiring
cooperation between such units.
Valve
The gaming company Valve has embraced a flat structure,
eliminating job titles and allowing employees to work on or
initiate any project they choose. Such a structure might
germinate a great deal of creativity within a young company,
but it may need to be adapted as the company grows.