11 Class physics practical I manual

1. VERNIER CALLIPER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 1
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 1 of 22
Aim:- Using Vernier Calipers determine the Volume of a given solid cylinder and capacity of a
test tube.
Working Formula:-
Observation:-
(i) Least count of Vernier calipers = L.C. = __________ cm
(ii) Zero Error = Z.E. = __________ cm
Quantity S.No. M.S.R.
cm
V.S.R.
Div
F.P.=L.C. x V.S.R.
cm
T.R.=M.S.R.+F.P.
cm
C.R.=T.R. – Z.E.
cm
Mean
cm
External
Diameter
of Solid
Cylinder
1. d
2.
3.
Length of
Solid
Cylinder
1. L
2.
3.
Internal
Diameter
of test tube
1. d1
2.
3.
Depth of
test tube
1. D
2.
3.
Calculation:-
(i)
(ii)
Result:-
(i) Volume of the given solid cylinder = cm3
.
(ii) Capacity of the given test tube = cm3
.

2. SCREW GUAGE PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 2
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Aim:- Using Micrometer Screw gauge determine the Volume of a given sphere and cross
sectional area of the given wire.
Working Formula:-
Observation:-
(i) Least count of micrometer screw gauge = L.C. = 0.001 cm
(ii) Zero Error = Z.E. = cm
Quantity S.No. M.S.R.
Cm
C.S.R.
Div
F.P.=L.C. x C.S.R.
cm
T.R.=M.S.R.+F.P.
cm
C.R.=T.R. – Z.E.
cm
Mean
cm
Diameter
of sphere
1. d
2.
3.
Diameter
of wire
1. D
2.
3.
Calculation:-
(i)
(ii)
Result:-
(i) Volume of the given sphere = cm3
.
(ii) Cross sectional area of the given wire = cm2
.

3. SPHEROMETER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 3
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 3 of 22
Aim:- Using Spherometer, determine the Radius of Curvature of Spherical Surface and
Thickness of Glass Plate.
Working Formula:-
Observation:-
(i) Least count of micrometer Spherometer = L.C. = 0.001 cm
(ii) Mean distance between
legs of Spherometer
Distance between Legs of Spherometer
Calculation:-
Result:-
(i) Thickness of given Glass Plate = cm.
(ii) Radius of Curvature of given Spherical Surface = cm.
Quantity S.No. M.S.R.
Cm
C.S.R.
Div
F.P.=L.C. x C.S.R.
cm
T.R.=M.S.R.+F.P.
cm
C.R.=T.R. – Z.E.
cm
Mean
cm
Base Plate 1. h1
2.
3.
Glass Plate 1. h2
2.
3.
Spherical
Surface
1. A
2.
3.

4. VALUE OF “g” PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 4
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Aim:- (i) Using Simple Pendulum, determine the value of “g”.
(ii) With the help of simple pendulum, record the time for 10 oscillations three times
for each of the following lengths of pendulum.
* 75 cm * 85 cm * 95 cm * 105 cm * 115 cm
And hence find time period (T) for each length and take its square.
(iii) Draw a graph between L and T2
. Select a suitable point from the graph (Not
plotted one), find its coordinates and hence calculate the value of “g” at Karachi
using formula:-
Working Formula:-
Observation:-
(i) Least count of stop watch = 0.01 sec
(ii) Diameter of bob = d = cm
(iii)Radius of bob = r = cm
Length of
String
and Hook
l
cm
Length of
Pendulum
L
L = l + r
cm
Time for 10
Oscillations
sec
Mean Time
t
sec
Time Period
sec
T2
sec2
75
1.
2.
3.
85
1.
2.
3.
95
1.
2.
3.
105
1.
2.
3.
115
1.
2.
3.

5. VALUE OF “g” PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 4
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 5 of 22
Graph:- (Graph between L and T2
)

6. VALUE OF “g” PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 4
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 6 of 22
Calculations:- (From Graph)
L = cm; T2
= sec2
Result:-
The value of “g” at Karachi is cm/sec2

7. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 7 of 22
Aim:- (i) Verify the law of mass and law of amplitude (or law of length) by using simple
pendulum of length 90 cm.
(ii) Note down time for 10 oscillations, two times for five different amplitudes and
three different bobs.
(iii) Plot a graph between:-
a) Amplitude and Time period OR b) Mass and Time period.
(iv) Write down conclusive result.
Observations:- (For Law of Mass)
S.No. Material
of Bob
Mass of
Bob
m
gm
Radius
of Bob
r
cm
Length of
String
and
Hook
l
cm
Length of
Pendulum
L= l + r
cm
Time for 10
Oscillations
sec
Mean
Time
t
sec
Time
Period
sec
1. Brass 20 90 1.
2.
2. Copper 40 90 1.
2.
3. Iron 60 90 1.
2.
Observations:- (For Law of Amplitude)
i) Radius of bob = r =
ii) Length of string and Hook = l =
iii) Length of Pendulum = L = l + r =
S.No. Amplitude
X
cm
Time for 10
Oscillations
sec
Mean
Time
t
sec
Time
Period
sec
1. 4 1.
2.
2. 6 1.
2.
3. 8 1.
2.
4. 10 1.
2.
5. 12 1.
2.

8. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 8 of 22
Observations:- (For Law of Length)
i) Radius of bob = r =
S.No. Length of
String
and Hook
l
cm
Length of
Pendulum
L = l + r
cm
Time for 10
Oscillations
sec
Mean
Time
t
sec
Time
Period
sec cm1/2
sec/cm1/2
1. 80 1.
2.
2. 90 1.
2.
3. 100 1.
2.
4. 110 1.
2.
5. 120 1.
2.

9. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 9 of 22
Graph:- (Graph between m and T)

10. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 10 of 22
Graph:- (Graph between X and T)

11. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 11 of 22
Graph:- (Graph between L and T)

12. LAWS OF PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 5
SIMPLE PENDULUM
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 12 of 22
Results:-
(i) The graph between time period and mass of the bob is a horizontal line, which shows that
the time period is independent of the mass of the bob.
(ii) The graph between time period and amplitude of the bob is a horizontal line, which shows
that the time period is independent of the amplitude of the bob.
(iii) The graph between time period and length of the pendulum is a straight line, which
shows that the time period is directly proportional to the length of the pendulum.

13. RESONSNCE TUBE PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 6
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Aim:- (i) Two tuning forks of different frequency 480 Hz and 512 Hz and resonance tube
apparatus are given to you.
(ii) Record three observations for 1st
resonating length of each fork in tabular form.
(iii) Calculate the approximate value of the velocity of sound for each tuning fork at:-
(a) Room temperature (Vt) using formula ; and take the mean,
(b) Note down the room temperature T = C0
.
(c) Zero degree centigrade (V0) with the mean value of Vt using formula
, where the letters show their usual meanings.
(iv) Write down the results with proper units.
Working Formula:-
Observation:-
(i) Room temperature = T = C 0
S.No. Frequency of
Tuning Fork
f
Hz
1st
Resonating
Length
cm
Mean
cm
1. fA = 512 Hz
1.
2.
3.
LA =
2. fB = 480 Hz
1.
2.
3.
LB =
Calculations:-
(For velocity of sound at room temperature)
1.
2.
(For velocity of sound at zero degree centigrade)
Result:-
1. Velocity of sound at room temperature is ;
2. Velocity of sound zero at zero degree centigrade is

14. CONVEX LENS PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 7
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 14 of 22
Aim:- (i) Find out the focal length of convex lens by no parallax method using two pins.
(ii) Note down the approximate focal length.
(iii) Record five sets of observations by placing the object pin at a distance:-
a) Away from 2f (Two observations)
b) Equal to 2f (One observation)
c) Between 2f and f (Two observations)
(iv) Draw a ray diagram for any one position.
(v) Plot a graph between “p” and “q”. Select a suitable point (not plotted one), find its
coordinates and calculate the focal length of the given convex lens using formula
, where all letters stand for their usual meaning.
(vi) Write down the result with suitable units.
Working Formula:-
Observations:-
Approximate focal length = f = cm
2f = cm
Position of Object Pin
Object
Distance
p
cm
Image
Distance
q
cm
Beyond 2f
(p > 2f)
1.
2.
1.
2.
On 2f
(p = 2f)
3. 3.
Between f and 2f
(p < 2f)
4.
5.
4.
5.
Ray Diagram:-

15. CONVEX LENS PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 7
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 15 of 22
Graph:- (Graph between p and q)

16. CONVEX LENS PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 7
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Calculations:- (From Graph)
p = cm and q = cm
Result:-
The focal length of the given convex lens is .

17. REFRACTIVE INDEX PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 8
OF WATER
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Aim:- (i) Find the Refractive index of water by using two different concave mirrors having
different focal lengths and a pin.
(ii) Draw a ray diagram.
(iii) Take at least three observations for radius of curvature R1without water and
three with water R2 for each respectively.
(iv) Calculate the refractive index of water for both cases using the formula and
find their mean.
(v) Write down the result.
Working Formula:-
Observations:- 1st
Concave Mirror
2nd
Concave Mirror
S.No. Radius of Curvature of
Concave Mirror
(Without Water)
cm
Mean Radius of Curvature
of Concave Mirror
(Without Water)
R1
Cm
1.
2.
3.
S.No. Radius of Curvature of
Concave Mirror
(With Water)
cm
Mean Radius of Curvature
of Concave Mirror
(With Water)
R2
cm
1.
2.
3.
S.No. Radius of Curvature of
Concave Mirror
(Without Water)
cm
Mean Radius of Curvature
of Concave Mirror
(Without Water)
R1
cm
1.
2.
3.
S.No. Radius of Curvature of
Concave Mirror
(With Water)
cm
Mean Radius of Curvature
of Concave Mirror
(With Water)
R2
cm
1.
2.
3.

18. REFRACTIVE INDEX PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 8
OF WATER
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 18 of 22
Calculations:-
For 1st
Concave Mirror
1.
For 2nd
Concave Mirror
2.
Mean Refractive index =
Ray Diagram:-
Result:-
The refractive index of water is .

19. GLASS SLAB PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 9
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 19 of 22
Aim:- (i) Determine the refractive index of glass by real and apparent depth method using a
glass slab.
(ii) Take two observations for real and apparent depth along the length and two along
breadth.
(iii) Calculate the refractive index of glass using the formula
(iv) Write down the result.
Working Formula:-
Ray Diagram:- (Not required in Examination)
Along Breadth
Observations:-
Direction of
Observation
S.No. Real Depth
a
cm
Apparent Depth
b
cm
Along Breadth 1.
2.
Along Length 1.
2.
Calculations:-
1.
2.
3.
4.

20. GLASS SLAB PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 9
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Result:-
The refractive index of the glass is

21. GLASS PRISM PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 10
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Aim:- (i) Determine the refractive index of glass by critical angle method using a
prism.
(ii) Take three observations for critical angle properly indicating the direction of rays.
(iii) Calculate the refractive index from all observations using formula
and find their mean.
(iv) Write down the result.
Working Formula:-
Ray Diagram:-
Observations:-
S.No.
degree
Critical Angle
Degree
1.
2.
3.

22. GLASS PRISM PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 10
Prerpared by NASIR ALI SHAH Page 22 of 22
Calculations:-
1.
2.
3.
Result:-
The refractive index of the glass is