Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. It's typically contracted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include high fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Vaccination and good hygiene are essential for prevention. If left untreated, typhoid fever can be serious.

1. Typhoid
By:-
Dr. Mohammad Abas Reshi
M.B.B.S
SKIMS Srinagar

2. Typhoid
● Causative agent: Salmonella typhi
● Reservoir of infection: Man (cases and carriers)
○ Cases
■ (Persons having particular disease, health disorder or condition under
investigation)
○ Carriers
■ (Infected person or animal that harbours a specific agent in the absence
of discernible clinical disease, & serves as a potential source of infection
for others)
○ Incubatory carriers (shed infectious agent during incubation period)
○ Convalescent carriers(during clinial recovery): excrete bacilli for 6 – 8 weeks
○ Chronic carrier: excrete bacilli for > 1 year after clinical attack.

3. Typhoid Contd…
Source of infection: faeces, urine of cases/carriers (primary source) and water,
foodfingers, flies (secondary source)
IP: 10-14 daysQ
Mode of transmission: Faeco-oral route, urine-oral route

4. Typhoid Contd…
● Clinical features:
○ ʻPea Soup diarrhoeaʼ
○ Splenomegaly, relative bradycardia, dicrotic pulse,
abdominal distension and tenderness
○ Rose spotsQ (2nd week)
○ Intestinal perforation (3rd weekQ) may be one of the
complications

5. Laboratory Diagnosis

6. Treatment of Typhoid
Drug of choice:
– Cases: Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone), Quinolones
– Carriers: Ampicillin/Amoxycillin + Probenecid × 6 weeks

7. Immunization of Typhoid
Immunisation for Typhoid:
● TYPHORAL (Live oral Ty21aQ) vaccine:
○ Contains >109 viable organism of attenuated S. typhiQ
○ Schedule: One capsule each on days 1, 3, 5 (booster of 3 doses, once every
3yrs)
○ Protection duration: 3 years
● TYPHIM Vi Vaccine
○ Vi- Polysaccharide containing single dose i.m. or subcutaneous
○ Not given in age < 2 yrs
● TAB vaccine:
○ Contains S.typhi, S.paratyphi A and S.paratyphi B

8. Thank you