3. Factors influencing
features
spatial and temporal processes and events such as social
interaction, ecological interaction, social and environmental
change, and biographies of individuals.
• Torsten Hagerstrand asserted that people are
often restricted by their past decisions.
• He also asserted that people's choices and life
paths are restricted by capability, coupling, and
authority constraints.
• A capability constraint is a limitation that is
biological or due to nature.
Earths Rotation
Tectonic
Wind
Tide
Gravity
Time
Climate
Human Activity
11. Strahler Number
1 1
2
1
1
2 3
1
3
Streams of lower order joining
a higher order stream, the
higher-order continues
When two same-order streams
come together, they form the
next-order stream.
12. Forest
The Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) defines:
“forest” as a portion of land
- bigger than half a hectare (5,000 m2)
- with trees higher than 5 meters
- a tree canopy cover of more than 10 %
Forests are the
dominant terrestrial
ecosystem of Earth,
and are distributed
across the globe.
Forests account for
75% of the gross
primary productivity of
the Earth's biosphere,
and contain 80% of the
Earth's plant biomass.
Forests at different
latitudes and
elevations form
distinctly different
ecozones
13. There are three major
types of forests,
classed according to
Latitude / Zones:
• Tropical
• Temperate
• Boreal forests (taiga)
15. Waves Tides Currents
WHAT
Waves are defined as the
energy that moves across the
surface of the water.
Tides are defined as the rise
and fall of the sea level.
Currents are defined as the
direction of flow of a body of
water.
CAUSE
Energy transferred from the
wind through the water.
Gravitational pull between
the Earth, Sun, and Moon.
Large stream of water flowing
through the oceans.
landform created by deposition of sediment
that is carried by a river as the flow leaves
its mouth and enters slower-moving or
stagnant water.
20. NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources
are resources that
• exist without any actions of humankind
• comes from the natural environment.
• used and usable by humans
• those commodities that are considered valuable in their natural form.
Natural resources are usually either
renewable or non-renewable.
22. Disadvantages of Wind Energy
• Wind is inconsistent
• High upfront capital investment
• Reduce the local bird population
• Prone to noise disturbances
• Take up a significant portion of land
• Can be a safety hazard
23. • A water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to consumption by people.
• The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total
volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by the
individual or community or produced by the business.
24. LAND RESOURCES
Types of Land Uses
Recreational Transport Agricultural Residential Commercial
fun, non-essentials. roads, railways, and
airports.
farmland housing. businesses and
factories
27. • Mineral resources are non-renewable
• Minerals are valuable natural resources being finite and non-renewable..
MINERAL RESOURCES
Mineral resources can be divided into two major categories –
• Metallic resources
Gold, Silver, Tin, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Chromium, and
Aluminum.
• Nonmetallic resources
sand, gravel, gypsum, halite, Uranium, dimension stone.
• The idea of using nuclear energy started in 1930.
• Scientist Enrico Fermi introduced that neutrons could split atoms. In 1942 Fermi and the team achieved the first nuclear
chain reaction.
• The first electricity got produced from atomic energy in 1951.
• In 1960, scientists brought the construction of many commercial nuclear reactors to generate electricity.
28. Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.
These fuels are found in the Earth's crust and contain carbon
and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy. Coal, oil, and
natural gas are examples of fossil fuels.
29. Bangladesh
The development of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta that began some 125 million years ago (Ma) after the
fragmentation of the Gondwanaland since the early Cretaceous is still continuing.
Two strong opposing agents of delta-building activities, fluvial and marine processes.
Evolution
• area of 144,000 square kilometers
• extends 820 kilometers north to south
• extends 600 kilometers east to west.
The country has a population density
of 1,115.62 people per square
kilometer,(2,889.45/square mile),
which ranks 10th in the world.
30. Bangladesh
Physiography
(i) a broad alluvial plain subject to frequent flooding
(ii) a slightly elevated relatively older plain,
(iii) a small hill region drained by flashy rivers.
Physiography of is characterized by three
distinctive features:
• The alluvial plain is
called the Lower
Gangetic Plain.
• Elevations of the plains
are less than 10m
above the sea level
• Southern part of
Bangladesh has a
highly irregular deltaic
coastline.
• Towards south
elevation declines to a
near sea level
condition.
31. Bangladesh possesses enormous area of wetlands including
• Rivers and streams
• Freshwater lakes and marshes
• Haors / Wetlands
• Baors
• Beels
• Water storage reservoirs
• Fish ponds
• Flooded cultivated fields
• Estuarine systems with extensive mangrove swamps.
Bangladesh
Wetlands River Systems of Bangladesh
Major 3 River systems;
1. The Brahmaputra-Jamuna
2. The Ganges-Padma
3. The Meghna
Total Number of Rivers = 230
