1. Hospital statistics provide key information for health care decision-makers by analyzing clinical and financial data from hospitals. They summarize metrics like patient volumes, diagnoses, procedures, and revenue. 2. Core hospital statistics include administrative data on available beds, patient occupancy rates, and surgical volumes. Morbidity and mortality statistics track leading causes of illness and death by sex. 3. Calculating indicators such as average length of stay, bed turnover rate, and occupancy percentage helps monitor service delivery, plan facilities, and evaluate policies. However, hospital data only reflects patients seeking care and may not represent overall disease burdens.

1. Hospital Statistics
Dr. Moh Moh Kyi

2. Introduction
• In health care, we deal with vast quantities of clinical data
• Hospitals and other types of health care facilities are data rich but
information poor
• Information contains both clinical and financial information
• It is very difficult to look at data in raw form and so, data are summarized
and analyzed
• To monitor the volume of patients treated daily, weekly, monthly, or within
some other specified time frame, these statistics can be used
• The statistics give health care decision-makers the information they need
to plan facilities and to monitor inpatient and outpatient revenue streams

3. Hospital
• An institution providing medical and surgical
treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people
(Oxford Dictionary)
• An institution that provides medical, surgical, or
psychiatric care and treatment for the sick or the
injured
(Online Dictionary)

4. Statistics
• the study concerned with
• (1) the collection, organization, summarization and
analysis of data; and
• (2) drawing of inferences about a body of data when
only a part of the data is observed.
• The science of collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making
more effective decisions.

5. Hospital Statistics
• are derived from numerical data collected in the
context of hospital system
• also called health service utilization rates
• as important as vital registrations and notifications of
infectious diseases

6. • constitute a basic and primary source of information
about diseases prevalent in community
• necessary to plan and control efficient patient
care and efficiently manage the hospital
• also an integral and basic part of the national
statistical program

7. Provides information on:
• Geographic sources of patients
• Age and sex distribution of different diseases
• Duration of hospital stay
• Distribution of diagnosis
• Association between different diseases

8. Benefits
• monitor trends and patterns in public hospital activity
• assess effective delivery of care
• support local service planning
• provide the basis for national indicators of clinical quality
• reveal health trends over time
• inform patient choice
• determine fair access to health care
• develop, monitor and evaluate government policy

9. Drawbacks:
• Provides information on only those patients who seek
medical care, tip of the iceberg, not represent the
population
• Admission policy makes hospital statistics to be highly
selective
• Have no precise boundaries to the catchment area
• Thus, considered as poor guide to estimation of
disease frequency in a community

10. Hospital Statistics includes two categories (MOH,
Myanmar)
1. Hospital Administrative Statistics
2. Morbidity and Mortality Statistics
Calculated based on medical records, reports and
returns

11. • Records
1. Admission and discharge
2. History and physical examination
3. Progress notes and treatment record
4. Temperature chart
5. Discharge certificate
6. Anaesthetic record sheet
7. Operation record and postoperative record
8. Daily fluid balance
9. Nursing census
10. Nurse notes and nurse medication records
11. Nurse labor record
12. Nurse progress chart
13. Obstetric history and examination

12. 14. Obstetric inpatient history
15. Labor record
16. Gynaecology history and examination
17. Neonatal record and special care baby unit
18. Neonatal chart
19. Intensive care (IV fluid chart etc.)
20. Laboratory and X ray report backings

13. • Registers
1. Admission
2. Emergency
3. OPD
4. Inpatient expired
5. Brought death
6. Referred register
7. PMCT register
8. Night report
9. Abortion register
10. Delivery register
11. Operation register
12. DHF register
13. Fumigation register and instrument sterilization

14. 14. RH register
15. Congenital abnormality register
16. PM register
17. PC register
18. CVD register

15. • Hospital report forms
1. Form I [Monthly hospital return (administrative)]
2. Form II (Monthly general inpatient summary)
3. Form III [Hospital daily record (inpatient)]
4. Outpatient report form

20. 1. Hospital Administrative Statistics
1.1. Response Rate of Hospital Statistics
1.2. Hospital Service
1.3. Surgical Operations, Deliveries, Stillbirths and
Abortions in Hospital

21. 2. Morbidity and Mortality Statistics
2.1. Morbidity and Mortality Patterns of Hospital
(In-patients)
2.2. Outpatient Morbidity

22. 1. Hospital Administrative Statistics
1.1. Response Rate of Hospital Statistics
1.2. Hospital Service
1.2.1. Availability of Hospital Resources
1.2.1.1. No. of sanctioned bed
1.2.1.2. No. of available bed
1.2.1.3. No. of hospital
1.2.2. Availability of Hospital Services
1.2.2.1. Average No. of out-patients per day*
1.2.2.2. Average No. of in-patients per day *

23. 1.2.3. Utilization of Hospital Services
1.2.3.1. Admission Rate (per 1000 pop per year)
1.2.3.2. Percentage of occupancy (based on sanctioned
beds) *
1.2.3.3. Percentage of occupancy (based on available
beds) *
1.2.3.4. Average turnover of patient *
1.2.3.5. Average turnover interval *
1.2.3.6. Average duration of stay *

24. 1.3. Surgical Operations, Deliveries, Stillbirths, Abortions in
Hospital
1.3.1. Surgical Operations
- No. of surgical operations by GA/ Spinal A/ LA/
Other
1.3.2. Total number of Deliveries
- Live birth (total number and percentage out of
total deliveries)
- Stillbirth (total number and percentage out of total
deliveries)
- Abortion (total number and percentage out of total
deliveries)
- Caesarean Section Rate
1.4. Fatality rate *

25. 2. Morbidity and Mortality Statistics
2.1. Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Hospital (In-patients)
(ICD-10)
2.1.1. Leading grouped causes of morbidity by sex
eg. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
. Diseases of respiratory system
2.1.2. Single leading causes of morbidity by sex
eg. Malaria
. Single spontaneous delivery
2.1.3. Leading grouped causes of mortality by sex
eg. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
. Diseases of circulatory system
2.1.4. Single leading causes of mortality by sex
eg. Septicemia
. Heart failure

28. 2.1.5. Mortality Rate
2.1.5.1. Gross death rate
2.1.5.2. Net death rate
2.1.5.3. Postoperative death rate
2.1.5.4. Maternal death rate
2.1.5.5. Infant death rate
2.1.5.6. Neonatal death rate

29. 2.2. Outpatient Morbidity
- Single leading causes of out patient morbidity by sex
(by seasons- summer, rainy and winter)
eg. PUO
- Hypertension
- Asthma
(Remark: * Hospital Administrative Indicators)

30. Some Definitions
1. Admission
Admission is the acceptance of a patient care
either for investigation or treatment, or both.
2. Discharge
Discharge is the release of an admitted patient
from the hospital at the end of an episode of case.
3. Inpatient
An inpatient is a person who occupies a bed in a
hospital for the purpose of hospital treatment.

31. Some Definitions (Continued)
4. Outpatient
An outpatient is a patient who receives care without being
admitted to inpatient or resident care.
5. Patient Days or Bed Days
Bed days or patient days is the unit of measure which denotes
in days the service given to a inpatient. A full day is counted when admission
is before midday, or discharge is after midday. The annual bed days is the
total of the daily census of occupied inpatient beds throughout the year, data
for healthy newborn is excluded from the figures.

32. Some Definitions (Continued)
6. Duration of stay
The number of days of care rendered to inpatients from
admission to discharge. The duration of an inpatient’s hospitalization is
considered to be one day if he is admitted and discharged on the same
day and also if he is admitted on one day and discharged next day.
7. Hospital Death
Hospital death is the death of any admitted patient during
his or her stay in the hospital. It can be divided into two categories,
gross death rate and net death rate.

33. Some Definitions (Continued)
8. Sanctioned bed (Hospital bed)
Hospital bed is the bed which is staffed and equipped for round the
clock care of patients. It includes observation beds equipped and staffed for
overnights use, and beds used for sick and premature infants.
9. Available beds
The number of beds (both occupied and unoccupied), set-up and
staffed in an inpatient area of a hospital which are immediately available to be used
by inpatients.
10. Average turnover of patient per bed (Bed turnover rate)
It is a measure of hospital utilization. It includes the number of times
each hospital bed changes occupants.

34. Some required data to calculate Hospital Statistics
1. Population (in catchment area)
2. Total No. of hospital
3. Sanctioned bed
4. Available bed
5. Out patient attendance
6. Admission
7. Discharge
8. Death
9. Patient day [The unit of measure which denotes
in days the service given to in-patient(s)]
(ie. Patient × day)

44. • Example:
- In a 300 bedded hospital, potential hospitalization
days in a year are 300 × 365 = 109,500
- If actual totaled-up hospitalization days are 98,200
and number of discharges including deaths in that year
are 5,680
• Average Turnover Interval
=
[(Available beds × 365) − Patient days]
Number of discharges and deaths
=
109500 − 98200
5680
= 1.989 days
It means each bed remained vacant for 2 days in that
year bet. one discharge and next admission.

45. • Average Turnover Interval
• zero means bed occupancy is 100%
• negative means shortage of bed in hospital
• positive means under use of hospital or inefficient
admission system
• If it is > 2 , interval is very high and low demand and
defective admission policy
• Ideally, it should be 0.5 day
• In order to be meaningful, it should be calculated
separately ward-wise and speciality-wise

52. Hospital Administrative Indicators
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
365 (𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟)
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑦 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ×100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠

53. Hospital Administrative Indicators (continued)
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 ×100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠
𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 (𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠)
=
[(𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑠 × 365) − 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠]
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

54. Mortality rate
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 48 ℎ𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
( some countries use 24 hrs in stead of 48 hrs )
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

55. Mortality rate
𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
𝑁𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 𝑖𝑛 28 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ × 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

56. Hospital Administrative Indicators of YCH by year
Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Average no. of outpatient per day 585 469 561 354 369
Average no. of inpatient per day 152 142 158 162 227
Average duration of stay 7.66 7.82 8.14 6.43 7.22
% of occupancy based on available beds 88.6 67.75 80.09 49.34 49.24
% of occupancy based on sanctioned beds 106.32 85.11 101.93 64.33 66.97
Average turnover of patients per bed per year 42 32 36 28 25
Average turnover interval (in days) 0.99 3.72 2.02 6.6 7.44
Fatality rate per 1000 discharges and deaths 29 32 28 24 23
Source: Su-Su-Hlaing, “Hospital Administrative Indicators of YCH”, 2015

57. •THANK YOU