Third World Countries in detail

Team Members
Kajal Ube - BBA019297
Udhav Waphare - BBA019304
Parth Sonavane - BBA019276
Mitesh Singh Suryavanshi - BBA019283
Sohail Teli - BBA019289
Zaid Sayyed - BBA019324
Aman Sayyed - BBA019236
Mahesh Karade - BBA019334
Shifa Shaikh - BBA019257
Tanay Adak – BBA019001

Introduction
In terms of third world arose during
the cold war to define countries
that remained Non – Aligned with
either NATO, or the Communist
bloc.
Today the term is often used to
describe the developing countries
of Africa, Asia and America.

Introduction
The United States, Western Europe nations and their
allies represented the first world while the soviet
union, China and their allies represent the second
world .
By the end of the 1960’s third world came across.
Most third world countries were formed colonies.
Having gained independence many of these
countries especially the smaller one were faced with
challenges of nation and institution building on their
own for the first time.
The common background many of this nation were
developing in economic terms in 20th century.

Third World Started
1. Due to the development and use of nuclear weapons near the end of World War II
and their subsequent acquisition and deployment by many countries, the potential
risk of a nuclear apocalypse causing widespread destruction of Earth's civilization
and life is a common theme in speculations about a Third World War.
2. Another primary concern is that biological warfare could cause many casualties. It
could happen intentionally or inadvertently, by an accidental release of a biological
agent, the unexpected mutation of an agent, or its adaptation to other species after
use.
3. Large-scale apocalyptic events like these, caused by advanced technology used for
destruction, could render Earth's surface uninhabitable.
4. Before the beginning of World War II (i.e., in 1939), World War I (1914–1918) was
believed to have been "the war to end [all] wars." It was popularly believed that
never again could there possibly be a global conflict of such magnitude. During the
interwar period, World War I was typically referred to simply as "The Great War."
However, the outbreak of World War II in 1939 disproved the hope that humanity
might have already "outgrown" the need for such widespread global wars.

Third World Started
In With the advent of the Cold War in 1945 and
with the spread of nuclear weapons technology
to the Soviet Union, the possibility of a third
global conflict became more plausible. During
the Cold War years, the possibility of a Third
World War was anticipated and planned for by
military and civil authorities in many countries.
Scenarios ranged from conventional warfare to
limited or total nuclear warfare. At the height
of the Cold War, the doctrine of Mutually
assured destruction ("MAD"), which determined
an all-out nuclear confrontation would destroy
all of the states involved in the conflict, had
been developed. The absolute potential
destruction of the human race may have
contributed to the ability of both American and
Soviet leaders to avoid such a scenario.

Poverty

Poverty
1. Basic amenities- people of these countries often faces some basic problems like
Shortage of food ,Proper sanitation ,scarcity of drinking water cleanliness. With all
these problems there arises a major problem as these countries became a home to
large scale diseases. Population is much more than the utilized resources of the
country.
2. Social factors- People in these countries are self-centered . Travel/visa restrictions
,Pollution Usually, foreign corporations exploited the resources of these countries in
the name Of progress, that led to environmental degradation.
3. Political factors- Third world nations had a lot of crime rate and corruption due to
poverty for basic necessities and due to this the sensations had a weak law and
order.
4. Economic factors- overpopulation perhaps is the biggest problems faced by the third
world countries. Especially people here get married at an early age, that leads to high
birth rate so that becomes more hands to work and more moths to feed, as a result
poverty comes into the picture.
5. Literacy- literacy rate hits the lowest in the third world as it results to
unemployment.

Poverty in Third World
What causes poverty in Third World
countries?
The root causes of poverty aren’t,
only a lack of access to basic
necessities of life like water, food,
shelter, education, or healthcare.
Inequities including, poor
governance, exploitation, and
domestic violence also cause.

Political
Instability

Political Instability
● Third world countries were politically unstable.
● Many third world countries have had full-scale civil
wars.
● Sudan had a decades-long civil war that resulted in
the southern part of the country separating and
becoming South Sudan.
● Somalia has been lacking an effective government
since the early 1990s.

YOUNG
COUNTRIES

Young Countries
● Most third world countries are countries that achieved
independence within a century or less.
● Most countries in Africa, the Middle East, and
Southeast Asia gained independence shortly before, or
after World War II
● There is virtually no country or any region in the world
that did not have to go through a period of violence
and instability before becoming part of the developed
world.

Poor
Governance

Poor Governance
● Third world countries usually suffer with ineffective government because of their
weak financial condition. Thus, they even lack in power to control their own
territory
● Institutions been weak ending up with other authority taking over the
government
● After the invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID) developed a program to provide basic health care to the
population, which languished at the bottom of global rankings of child survival
and maternal health. The U.S. aid agency supported the Afghan Ministry of Public
Health in delivering a basic package of health care to 90 percent of the country
at a cost of $4.50 per person per year, largely through contracts with
nongovernmental service providers.

The Legacy of
Colonization

The Legacy of Colonization
● The process of establishing foreign control
over target territories or people for the
purpose of cultivation, often through
establishing colonies and possibly by settling
them.
● Been colonized by European powers, after
the independence their borders was drew up
without any consideration of various ethnic
and religious and thus were forcibly put
together
● For example Africa and Middle east.

Human
Development
Index
Aaman Sayyed - BBA019236

Human Development
Human development is defined as the process of enlarging people's
freedoms and opportunities and improving their well being. Human
development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide
who to be, what to do, and how to live.
Human development is about much more than the rise or fall of national
incomes. It is about creating an environment in which people can develop
their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their
needs and interests.
People are the real wealth of nations. Development is thus about
expanding the choices people have to lead lives that they value.
And it is thus about much more than economic growth, which is only a
means-if a very important one of enlarging people's choice.

Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a
Statistic Composite index of life expectancy,
education and precipitate income indicators,
which are used to rank countries into four
tiers of human development. A country scores
a higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the
education level is higher, and the gross
national income GNI (PPP) per capita is Higher
.The HDI data is regularly published by the
United Nations Development Programmer. The
differences across the world are very large,
ranging from the highest values in North
America, Europe, Japan, and Oceania to the
lowest in central Africa.

Decolonization

Decolonization
Before- Decolonisation
1. The Second World War dealt a serious blow to the colonial powers, depriving them of
their former prestige. The Netherlands, Belgium and France had been defeated and
occupied, while the United Kingdom was seriously depleted. The peoples under colonial
rule, often employed to fill the ranks of Allied armies in wartime, were determined to
break the ties that still bound them to Europe, now ruined and stripped of its resources.
2. the emergence of two anti-colonialist superpowers, the United States and the Soviet
Union, and the new international climate after 1945 encouraged the colonies to make a
bid for independence
3. The Charter of the United Nations affirmed its ‘respect for the principle of equal rights
and self-determination of peoples’.
4. The US President, Franklin Roosevelt, and the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill,
had already subscribed to this principle in the Atlantic Charter, which they signed on 14
August 1941 on the American cruiser Augusta, off Newfoundland.
5. In item 3 of this declaration the two Heads of State set out the following principle:
‘They respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which
they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to
those who have been forcibly deprived of them.’

Decolonization
The colonised peoples of South-East Asia were the first to demand the departure of the
Europeans and to claim independence. In the space of a few years, all the colonies,
except the Portuguese possessions of Goa and Timor, became independent.
In February 1947, the British decided to leave India. Some months later, India gained its
independence, although it was subjected to a partition which created the new state of
Pakistan. In 1948, the United Kingdom also granted independence to Burma and Ceylon,
and in 1957 to Malaya.
Meanwhile Indonesia endured four years of military and diplomatic confrontation with
the Netherlands before the Dutch Government recognised the independence of the
Dutch East Indies in December 1949.
France also had to cope with demands for independence from its colonies. In 1946 it
became embroiled in a colonial war in Indo-China. Eight years later the conflict ended
with the victory of the Viet Minh (League for Independence of Vietnam) over the French
forces, which were obliged to leave the country. Laos and Cambodia also gained
independence.
In Asia

Decolonization
The decolonisation of Africa took place in
the mid-to-late 1950s to 1975 during the
Cold War, with radical regime changes on
the continent as colonial governments
made the transition to independent states.
The "Scramble for Africa" between 1870
and 1900 ended with almost all of Africa
being controlled by a small number of
European states. Racing to secure as much
land as possible while avoiding conflict
amongst themselves, the partition of Africa
was confirmed in the Berlin Agreement
A total of 58 African countries were
seceded
In Africa

Types of Government Exist
Socialism Capitalism
A free market of buyer and
seller that transact through
mutual voluntary exchange.
Example :
United States, Japan.
A system of economics were
the means of producing goods
and services are under public
ownership.
Example :
North Korea, Soviet-Union

Limited Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy
A system of government in which monarch
share power with a constitutionally
organized government.
Example : Sweden
A form of government in which a monarch-
typically a king or a queen act as the head
of state within the parameters of a written
or a unwritten constitution.
A monarchy that is limited by law and
constitution.
Example : Sweden
The head of government is an elected
prime minster, but the Swedish queen or
king is the symbolic head of state who
will elect the member of government.

Dictatorship Democracy
A system of government where
the citizen of a state exercise
power to rule the state, either
directly or through electing
representative.
Example:
USA, India, South Africa
A form of government in which
one person or a small group
possesses absolute power
without effective
constitutional limitation.
Example: German
Nazi Germany was dictated by
Adolf Hitler.

Junta Totalitarianism
A system of government that
is centralized and dictatorial
and requires complete
subservience to the state.
Example:
Nazi Germany under Adolf
Hitler (1933-1945).
A military or a political group
that rule a country after
taking power by force.
Example:
Brazil, Greece

What is State and Nation in
Third World
What is a State ?
A State is an independent, sovereign government exercising
control over a certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose
borders are usually clearly defined and internationally recognized
by other states.
What is a Nation ?
A nation is a group of people who see themselves as a cohesive
and coherent unit based on shared cultural or historical criteria.
Nations are socially constructed units, not given by nature. Their
existence, definition, and members can change dramatically
based on circumstances. Nations in some ways can be thought of
as “imagined communities” that are bound together by notions of
unity that can pivot around religion, ethnic identity, language,
cultural practice and so forth.

What is State and Nation in
Third World
The concept and practice of a nation work to establish who
belongs and who does not (insider vs. outsider). Such
conceptions often ignore political boundaries such that a single
nation may “spill over” into multiple states. Furthermore, states ≠
nations: not every nation has a state (e.g., Kurds; Roma;
Palestine). Some states may contain all or parts of multiple
nations .And what about a Nation-State?
A Nation-State is the idea of a homogenous nation governed by
its own sovereign state—where each state contains one nation.
This idea is almost never achieved.

HOMOGENOUS STATE
AND
HETEROGENOUS STATE
TYPES OF STATE

HOMOGENOUS STATE
What is Homogenous state?
A state is an independent state with clear geographic boundaries for e.g. Common
language, ethnicity or culture
Examples :
Japan South Korea

HETEROGENOUS STATE
What is Heterogenous state?
Heterogenous state is a state which has differences in class , ethnicity,
Language and political aspects
Example:
USA INDIA

Role of Third World In-Culture and
Political
In the post-Cold War world where economic or
traditional political classifications can no longer be
applied, it is argued that political culture has
emerged as the ultimate arbiter of national politics
on a global scale.
Previous studies have contended that an
understanding of the nature & type of relationships
between various states & their societies was
sufficient for devising a new classification of the
international state system.

Role of Third World In-Culture and
Political
Political culture is defined as those norms & values that relate to the
political system & incorporate two forms: those that have widespread
social acceptability & those that do not.
Although many Third World nations have different political systems,
levels of economic affluence, & military might, they share a similarity in
the level of social acceptance & popular resonance of the political
culture.
Two forms of political culture exist in this period of change: those
countries where society agrees over what to expect & demand from the
state; & those that have only recently settled on a democratic political
culture. In this sense, it is concluded that democratization is the key to
a political culture’s permanence.

Role and Impact of Third World in
International Relations
o After all the calamities caused by wars and all those forms finally
it got its base and thus played a significant role in ending
colonialism, racialism, bipolarism, military alliances, the cold war,
etc.
o It helped to create peace and stability giving organisations to the
world (e.g., ASEAN, O.A.U., SAARC, etc.). They evolved the concept
of nonalignment and expanded it in the form of a movement
(NAM). They strengthened the U.N.O and influenced its working by
their sheer numerical strength.
o The nation which were young and got freedom recent got
significance more and more and thus The third World is playing its
role by struggling for the New International Economic Order and
New Communication Order to bring economic justice and equality.

Conclusion
The First World meant that you aligned
with NATO and capitalism, and the Second
World meant you supported Communism
and the Soviet Union.
Developing nations are commonly referred
to as Third World. These developing
countries can be found in Asia, Africa,
Oceania and Latin America.
The increased economic competitiveness of
some developing countries, the term lost
its analytic clarity.

03
01
02
04
Emergences of Third World
Poverty
Poor Governance
Young Country
Political Instability
05 Low GDP, HDI
06 Decolonization

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Third World Countries in detail

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