Weather - grade 5 Alberta

1. WeatherWeather
Grade 5 ScienceGrade 5 Science
Mr. LarsonMr. Larson

2. What is Weather?What is Weather?
• WeatherWeather is the condition of the Earth’sis the condition of the Earth’s
Atmosphere at a given time.Atmosphere at a given time.
• It can change drastically in a 24 hour period.It can change drastically in a 24 hour period.

3. What causes Weather?What causes Weather?
• All elements of weather are the directAll elements of weather are the direct
result of energy from the sun.result of energy from the sun.
• The sun’s rays hit earth and the landThe sun’s rays hit earth and the land
absorbs the heat unevenly.absorbs the heat unevenly.
• This uneven heating causes changes inThis uneven heating causes changes in
weather.weather.

4. What does weather include?What does weather include?
• Air temperatureAir temperature
• Cloud coverCloud cover
• Amount of sunlightAmount of sunlight
• Relative humidityRelative humidity
• PrecipitationPrecipitation
• Wind speedWind speed
• Wind directionWind direction

5. TemperatureTemperature
• TemperatureTemperature is amount of heat in a substance.is amount of heat in a substance.
Expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or CentigradeExpressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Centigrade
(Celsius)(Celsius)
• Temperature is measure by an instrument calledTemperature is measure by an instrument called
aa thermometerthermometer..
• BLM#1-measuring temperature around the room.BLM#1-measuring temperature around the room.

6. The Earth’s AtmosphereThe Earth’s Atmosphere
• It is a layer of air thatIt is a layer of air that
surrounds the earth.surrounds the earth.
• It is made up of manyIt is made up of many
gases. Mostlygases. Mostly
Nitrogen, CarbonNitrogen, Carbon
Dioxide and Oxygen.Dioxide and Oxygen.

8. A Bunch of Hot Air.A Bunch of Hot Air.
• Cold air contracts or sinks.Cold air contracts or sinks.
• The air molecules get closer together, whichThe air molecules get closer together, which
makes the air heavier or more dense.makes the air heavier or more dense.
• Hot air expands or rises. The molecules getHot air expands or rises. The molecules get
further apart, become less dense and they getfurther apart, become less dense and they get
lighter.lighter.

9. Air CirculationAir Circulation
• Since warm air rises, the upper part of theSince warm air rises, the upper part of the
room is the warmest. The coolest part ofroom is the warmest. The coolest part of
the room would be closer to the floor.the room would be closer to the floor.
• BLM #2 Classroom TemperatureBLM #2 Classroom Temperature

11. Convection CurrentsConvection Currents
• Is the act of a cold fluid or gas pushing aIs the act of a cold fluid or gas pushing a
warmer, more dense fluid or gas out of the way.warmer, more dense fluid or gas out of the way.

13. Other examples of convectionOther examples of convection
• A fridge doorA fridge door
• The door to your houseThe door to your house
• OvensOvens

14. Wind SpiralWind Spiral
• BLM # 3BLM # 3
• Why is the spiral able to turn?Why is the spiral able to turn?
• The hot air “rising” is turning the spiral.The hot air “rising” is turning the spiral.

15. WindWind
• Wind is moving air in the atmosphere.Wind is moving air in the atmosphere.
• Air is always moving from high pressure toAir is always moving from high pressure to
low pressure.low pressure.
• The strongest winds are tornadoes, the airThe strongest winds are tornadoes, the air
pressure is extremely low.pressure is extremely low.

16. How to measure wind speedHow to measure wind speed
• Wind speed is measure inWind speed is measure in
kilometres per hour (kph).kilometres per hour (kph).
We use a device calledWe use a device called
anan anemometer.anemometer.
• BLM #5BLM #5
• Wind Direction isWind Direction is
always stated inalways stated in
terms of where theterms of where the
wind is coming from.wind is coming from.

17. Measuring Wind DirectionMeasuring Wind Direction
• Wind SockWind Sock
• WeathervaneWeathervane

18. Beaufort ScaleBeaufort Scale
• TheThe Beaufort scaleBeaufort scale is an empiricalis an empirical
measure for describing wind intensitymeasure for describing wind intensity
based mainly on observed sea conditions.based mainly on observed sea conditions.
Its full name is theIts full name is the Beaufort wind forceBeaufort wind force
scalescale..
• BLM #12bBLM #12b

19. Humidity- Moisture in the AirHumidity- Moisture in the Air
• The sun heats up the water on land andThe sun heats up the water on land and
causes evaporation.causes evaporation.
• The moisture the is in the air is calledThe moisture the is in the air is called
humidity.humidity.
• Saturated is when the air has too muchSaturated is when the air has too much
moisture and cannot hold anymore.moisture and cannot hold anymore.
• BLM #6BLM #6

20. The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

21. The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
• The sun heats up the water-The sun heats up the water- evaporationevaporation
• The water vapor (gas)The water vapor (gas) condensescondenses intointo
cloudsclouds
• The clouds become saturated andThe clouds become saturated and
precipitationprecipitation is the result.is the result.
• The precipitation pools in lakes, oceansThe precipitation pools in lakes, oceans
and rivers. Waiting to evaporate again.and rivers. Waiting to evaporate again.

23. Relative HumidityRelative Humidity
• It is the ratio of how much moisture is inIt is the ratio of how much moisture is in
the air and how much the air can hold.the air and how much the air can hold.
• 50% humidity means the air is holding50% humidity means the air is holding
50% moisture50% moisture
• BLM #7BLM #7

24. PrecipitationPrecipitation
• When there is too much moisture, the water willWhen there is too much moisture, the water will
fall as precipitation.fall as precipitation.
• Precipitation will fall in two main forms: rain orPrecipitation will fall in two main forms: rain or
snow depending on the temperature of the airsnow depending on the temperature of the air
through which the moisture will fall.through which the moisture will fall.
• Other forms of precipitation are sleet and hail.Other forms of precipitation are sleet and hail.

25. Forms of PrecipitationForms of Precipitation

26. SnowSnow
• If the air is cooledIf the air is cooled
below the freezingbelow the freezing
point of water, thepoint of water, the
condensing moisturecondensing moisture
is quickly freeze intois quickly freeze into
ice crystals.ice crystals.
• The ice crystals joinThe ice crystals join
to make snowflakesto make snowflakes
• Snowflakes areSnowflakes are
always six sided.always six sided.

27. RainRain
• When droplets ofWhen droplets of
moisture join togethermoisture join together
becoming heavybecoming heavy
enough to fall to theenough to fall to the
ground.ground.

28. HailHail
• Formed inFormed in
cumulonimbuscumulonimbus
(storm) clouds. They(storm) clouds. They
are frozen droplets ofare frozen droplets of
moisture.moisture.
• BLM #9BLM #9

29. SleetSleet
• When falling rainWhen falling rain
starts off in warmerstarts off in warmer
air, but passesair, but passes
through air belowthrough air below
freezing, the rainfreezing, the rain
drops cool and freezedrops cool and freeze
onto surfaces whenonto surfaces when
they hit the ground.they hit the ground.

30. Facts on PrecipitationFacts on Precipitation
• It takes 10 centimetres of snow to makeIt takes 10 centimetres of snow to make
one centimetre of rain.one centimetre of rain.
• Dew is moisture in the air cools off atDew is moisture in the air cools off at
night. In the morning it is found onnight. In the morning it is found on
everything. In colder temperatures, dew iseverything. In colder temperatures, dew is
frost.frost.

31. Air PressureAir Pressure
• The force that is applied on everything onThe force that is applied on everything on
the Earth caused by the weight of the air.the Earth caused by the weight of the air.
• Air particles are mobile, the exert pressureAir particles are mobile, the exert pressure
on objects.on objects.
• High air pressure brings warm, dry air.High air pressure brings warm, dry air.
Low air pressure brings rain or moistureLow air pressure brings rain or moisture

32. Air PressureAir Pressure
• Air pressure can change quickly, ie- whenAir pressure can change quickly, ie- when
a storm comes in.a storm comes in.
• There are three factors that affect airThere are three factors that affect air
pressure: altitude, air mass temperaturepressure: altitude, air mass temperature
and the amount of moisture in the air.and the amount of moisture in the air.
• A Barometer is used to measure airA Barometer is used to measure air
pressure.pressure.

33. CloudsClouds
• Clouds come in many shapes and forms.Clouds come in many shapes and forms.
• Some are high in the sky, while others are soSome are high in the sky, while others are so
low they touch the ground.low they touch the ground.
• No matter what shape or elevation, clouds formNo matter what shape or elevation, clouds form
the same way, by having water vapor condensethe same way, by having water vapor condense
onto small solid particles like dust, sea salt, andonto small solid particles like dust, sea salt, and
pollutionpollution

34. CloudsClouds
• Clouds serve several important functions.Clouds serve several important functions.
• They provide rain and snow.They provide rain and snow.
• They also help retain heat, so it doesn’t escapeThey also help retain heat, so it doesn’t escape
quickly back into space.quickly back into space.
• On hot days, clouds provide shadeOn hot days, clouds provide shade

35. Types of CloudsTypes of Clouds
• There areThere are FourFour main types of cloudsmain types of clouds
• Cirrus-Cirrus- found high in the atmospherefound high in the atmosphere
• Cumulus-Cumulus- found in mid-atmospherefound in mid-atmosphere
• Stratus-Stratus- found in the low atmospherefound in the low atmosphere
• Nimbus-Nimbus- storm clouds.storm clouds.

36. CirrusCirrus
• They are thin, wispyThey are thin, wispy
clouds blown by highclouds blown by high
winds into longwinds into long
streamers.streamers.
• They usually meanThey usually mean
fair to pleasantfair to pleasant
wheather.wheather.

37. CumulusCumulus
• They are puffy cloudsThey are puffy clouds
that sometimes lookthat sometimes look
like pieces of floatinglike pieces of floating
cottoncotton
• They can develop intoThey can develop into
a gianta giant
cumulonimbus, whichcumulonimbus, which
is a thunderstormis a thunderstorm
cloudcloud

38. StratusStratus
• are uniform grayishare uniform grayish
clouds that often coverclouds that often cover
the entire sky.the entire sky.
• They resemble fog thatThey resemble fog that
does not reach thedoes not reach the
ground.ground.
• Usually no precipitationUsually no precipitation
falls from stratus clouds,falls from stratus clouds,
but sometimes they maybut sometimes they may
drizzle.drizzle.

39. Nimbus (Cumulonimbus)Nimbus (Cumulonimbus)
• They are thunderstormThey are thunderstorm
clouds that form ifclouds that form if
cumulus clouds continuecumulus clouds continue
to grow vertically.to grow vertically.
• Lightning, thunder, andLightning, thunder, and
even violent tornadoeseven violent tornadoes
are associated with theare associated with the
cumulonimbus.cumulonimbus.

41. Can you identify these clouds?Can you identify these clouds?

42. SeasonsSeasons
• The Earth orbitsThe Earth orbits
around the sun.around the sun.
• The Earth tilts on itsThe Earth tilts on its
axis 23.5 degrees.axis 23.5 degrees.
• The area of the Earth,The area of the Earth,
that heats up more, isthat heats up more, is
closer to the sun.closer to the sun.

43. SeasonsSeasons
• When Canada is tiltedWhen Canada is tilted
away from the sun, itaway from the sun, it
is winter.is winter.
• When Canada is tiltedWhen Canada is tilted
towards the sun, it istowards the sun, it is
summer.summer.
• Spring and AutumnSpring and Autumn
are the in betweenare the in between
orbits.orbits.

44. DaylightDaylight
• The Earth turns on its axis, one completeThe Earth turns on its axis, one complete
rotation in one day. (24 hours)rotation in one day. (24 hours)
• The Sun rises in the east and sets in the westThe Sun rises in the east and sets in the west
• The amount of daylight is related to the Earth’sThe amount of daylight is related to the Earth’s
orbit around the sun.orbit around the sun.
• Spring and summer have more daylight hours,Spring and summer have more daylight hours,
because we are tilted towards the sun.because we are tilted towards the sun.

45. DaylightDaylight
• The sun give off sunlight, that heats theThe sun give off sunlight, that heats the
Earth.Earth.
• Direct Sunlight is hotter than indirectDirect Sunlight is hotter than indirect
sunlight.sunlight.
• What time of the day is the hottest?What time of the day is the hottest?

46. NoonNoon
• The sun is directly over our heads at lunchThe sun is directly over our heads at lunch
time.time.
• At noon you do not have hardly anyAt noon you do not have hardly any
shadow.shadow.
• In the morning and evening, sunlight isIn the morning and evening, sunlight is
spread out more.spread out more.
• You have more of a shadow, because theYou have more of a shadow, because the
sunlight has to travel a greater distance.sunlight has to travel a greater distance.

47. Hot Sun, Cool SunHot Sun, Cool Sun
• Use BLM 14 and BLM 15 to measure theUse BLM 14 and BLM 15 to measure the
heat of the sun, at different times of theheat of the sun, at different times of the
day.day.
• When are the sun’s rays most spread out?When are the sun’s rays most spread out?
• When is it the warmest?When is it the warmest?

48. Predicting the WeatherPredicting the Weather
• http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?
wealocations=wc:CAXX0126wealocations=wc:CAXX0126
• Monitor the weather for a week. Use BLMMonitor the weather for a week. Use BLM
#12.#12.
• Use www.theweathernetwork.comUse www.theweathernetwork.com

49. Examples of Weather ForecastsExamples of Weather Forecasts
• What do all the numbers mean?What do all the numbers mean?

50. Forecasting the WeatherForecasting the Weather
• You have keep track of the weather for tenYou have keep track of the weather for ten
days.days.
• Was the weather forecast accurate?Was the weather forecast accurate?
• Why is it so difficult to predict theWhy is it so difficult to predict the
weather?weather?

52. Factors that influence weather inFactors that influence weather in
different areas.different areas.
• Land ElevationLand Elevation
• Location- lattitude and longitudeLocation- lattitude and longitude
• The sunThe sun
• Cloud coverCloud cover
• Air pressureAir pressure
• Earth’s orbit (seasons)Earth’s orbit (seasons)