research proposal

1. Addressing Challenges in the Legal Framework for the
Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: A Comparative
Study
By Advocate Mirza Nazim Beg

2. Introduction
Armed conflicts worldwide inflict immense suffering on civilian populations, with innocent lives lost and communities
displaced. Upholding the protection of civilians during these conflicts is a fundamental principle of international
humanitarian law, aimed at safeguarding non-combatants and preserving their dignity and well-being. However,
despite existing legal frameworks, practical challenges persist, undermining effective civilian protection.
This research embarks on a critical examination of the legal framework for civilian protection in armed conflict,
addressing the challenges it faces through a comparative study. By analysing diverse conflict situations and legal
systems, our study seeks valuable insights into the complexities and practical difficulties encountered in protecting
civilians during hostilities. Ultimately, our research aims to enhance understanding, identify gaps, and propose
measures to strengthen civilian protection in armed conflict situations.
• Challenges in targeting civilians
• Displacement issues and vulnerabilities
• Ensuring humanitarian access
• Accountability for violations
• Gender Perspective and Women’s Protection
• Comparative study for insights
The protection of civilians in armed conflict is a pressing and multifaceted issue, demanding urgent attention and
action. Together, we explore the legal and humanitarian landscape to pave the way for more effective protection
mechanisms. By working collectively, we strive to minimize the devastating impact of armed conflicts on civilian
populations and uphold their rights and safety.

3. Statement of The Problem
The protection of civilians during armed conflict is a top priority under international humanitarian law.
Although legislative institutions to safeguard civilians are in existence, their implementation continues to meet
practical challenges. With regard to topics like targeting, displacement, and humanitarian access, this study
intends to examine the legal framework and practical difficulties surrounding the protection of civilians during
armed conflicts. The project aims to identify gaps, provide solutions, and eventually improve the protection of
civilians in armed conflict scenarios by looking at these issues.

4. Research Objectives
This section will outline the specific objectives of the research, which include:
• To critically evaluate the legal framework for the protection of civilians in armed conflict.
• To identify and evaluate the practical difficulties faced in putting the legal framework into effect.
• To compare and assess how well various methods and tactics solve these difficulties.
• To make suggestions for enhancing the legal framework and enhancing the protection of people during
armed situations.

5. Research Methodology
This study seeks to critically examine the legal framework for civilian protection in armed conflict and address
the challenges through a comparative study. The research aims to:
Literature review: To develop a thorough grasp of the legal environment and difficulties, do an intensive review
of pertinent academic literature, international legal instruments, case studies, and reports.
• Comparative analysis: Examine a few case studies from various conflict settings, contrasting and comparing
the legal frameworks, difficulties encountered, and solutions to the problem of protecting civilians.
• Apply qualitative data analysis approaches to the obtained data to find themes, patterns, and insights.

6. Chapterisation
1. Introduction: Present an overview of the research and its significance.
2. Conceptual Framework: Define armed conflict, civilians, and the relevance of international humanitarian law to civilian
protection.
3. Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks: Examine international legal instruments and customary law for civilian protection.
4. Challenges in Targeting Civilians: Analyse issues in distinguishing between combatants and civilians, considering asymmetric
warfare and new technologies.
5. Displacement and Humanitarian Access: Explore challenges in protecting displaced populations and ensuring humanitarian
assistance.
6. Ensuring Accountability: Examine mechanisms to hold perpetrators accountable for violations of civilian protection norms.
7. Comparative Case Studies: Present in-depth analysis of conflict scenarios, their legal frameworks, challenges, and responses to
civilian protection.
8. Recommendations and Conclusions: Summarize key findings and propose measures to enhance civilian protection.