Presentation about misleading

1. MISLEADING INFORMATION : THE EFFECTS OF
THE PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS IN IDENTIFYING
FACTS

2. RESEARCH PROBLEM
The increasing and far-reaching negative impact of
enjoyment and the realization of human rights of the
deliberate creation and dissemination of false or
manipulate information intended to deceive and
mislead audiences either cause harm for personal,
political or financial gain (UNITED NATION NEWS,
2022).

3. Furthermore, the information ecology is being
contaminated by orchestrated campaigns to
disseminate untruths through disinformation. This
disruption is accompanied by the unwitting spread
of misinformation and the manipulation of half-
truths via mal-information (UNESCO
ORGANIZATION, 2021).

4. Fake news creates impression
and beliefs based on false
premises leading to division,
misunderstanding and further
exacerbating otherwise tenuous relations
(Senate S.B.No. 1492 Villanueva, 17).

5. • Cebu City is not also exempted of the misleading information. Thereare
a lot of news that depicts that misleading information affects individual
in identifying facts. One of the example of this is the story of Chona
Mae back on 2012. Cebu was strucked by a 6.9 magnitude
earthquake. th name "Chona Mae" was misheard and was
misinterpreted as tsunami and the result it cause panic and chaos
among cebuanos.

6. • Misleading information is a widespread In the 21st
century. Most especially the rampant usage of the
Internet, and the firsthand of mislead information. Hence
Capt. Mariano L. Espera Jr. Memorial National High
School is not an exemption, especially with diverse back
ground of students and teachers here (Soco,2022).

7. INTRODUCTION

8. In the 20th and 21st centuries, information is the engine of
development. This is fueled by independent news media,
which can serve as a trusted guardian of public interest and an
important part of society’s power checks and balances.
However, recent events have called journalism into question.
Political, technological, economic, and social changes are
irreversibly reshaping the communications landscape, raising
numerous concerns about the quality, impact, and credibility of
journalism. Furthermore, the information ecology is being
contaminated by orchestrated campaigns to disseminate
untruths through disinformation. This disruption is
accompanied by the unwitting spread of misinformation and
the manipulation of half-truths via mal-information (UNESCO
ORGANIZATION 2021).

9. UNITED NATION
SUSTAINABLE
GOAL
(16) PROMOTE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS
TO JUSTICE FOR ALL AND BUILDD EFFECTIVE,
ACCOUNTABLE, AND INCLUSIVE INSTITUTIONS AT ALL
LEVELS.
(16.10) Ensure public access to information and protect
fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national
legislation and international agreements

10. Under international law, the right to freedom of
expression is protected by Article 19 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and Article 19 of the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
("ICCPR").
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression;
this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of
frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form
of art, or through any other media of his choice

11. (1) "provided by law" which is sufficiently clear
and precise;
(2) pursue a legitimate aim set out in Article 19
paragraph 3 of the 1CCPR (the "rights or
reputations of others" or "the protection of
national security or of public order (order public),
or of public health or morals");and
(3) conform to the "strict tests of necessity and
proportionality"
Restriction are provided by law

12. NATIONAL
LITERATURE

13. According to AN ACT PENILIZING THE MALICIOUS DISTRIBUTION OF
FALSE NEWS AND OTHER RELATED VIOLATIONS. Be it enacted by the
Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
assembled:
• SECTION 2. Malicious Creation and Distribution of False News. It shall
be unlawtul for any person to maliciously offer, publish, distribute,
circulate and spread false news or information or cause the publication,
distribution, circulation or spreading of the same in print, broadcast or
online media, provided that, such false
• News or information cause or tend to cause panic, division, chaos,
violence, hate or which exhibit or tend to exhibit a propaganda to
blacken or discredit one's reputation and the person knowingly
commits such act with full knowledge that Such news or information is
false, or with reasonable grounds to believe that the same is false.
Misinformation is not like a a plumbing problem that can be fixed.

14. LOCAL LITERATURE

15. • According Jun Nino Nalipay (2022) a former TV Reporter, TV Patrol
Central Visayas ABS-CBN: Cebu Misleading Informations is evident here
in cebu because I am seeing friends and friends of friends in social
media sharing information that are not verified and are coming from
unreliable sources. It is a problem because the netizens, though not at
all, do not take time to fact check the news or information they are
sharing. They are sharing it without checking the sources.
Unfortunately, because of the posts that become viral, they thought
the posts are accurate when that should not a basis. If people continue
to be irresponsible in sharing information that are not verified, social
media or the society as a whole would become a realm or lies. It's
alarming when people trust what becomes viral than trust the
legitimate media sources, who are in the business of doing their best to
gather the necessary and relevant information"

16. • According to Christian James Nazareth Briones a registered nurse in Cebu City
Medical Nursing (CCMC) College of Nursing: "Misleading information or falls
information is said to be rampant nowadays especially in todays generation
where social media is in vogue. One reason for misleading information comes
from an individual who created or disseminated a false information without
an intention to cause harm. This gives a negative impact especially to
governments. It destroys one's credibility. Inaccurate information creates
comprehension problems; confusion, doubt and reliance. There are facts that
many Americans cannot tell what information is fake and what information is
real. How much more here in our city where we are blind by the truth and
believed with the lies. People have different perspectives. In some cases,
people tend to believe only for what they see not for what they hear from
other people. Misleading information affects negatively in people's perception
in identifying the facts, it will be hard for them to identify which is true.
Individuals who encounter misleading information may actively spread it
further by sharing or otherwise engaging with it"

17. School literature

18. • According a verbatim, a student of HUMSS 12, testify that "Because
people don't care whether the information is reliable or not, misleading
information can impair a person's ability to identify facts by leading
them to believe in certain facts without evidence. AS someone who
deals with this issue on a regular basis, I can attest to this. As a senior
in high school, I've noticed that false information is prevalent in school,
particularly in lower grade levels where identifying facts is not
commonly practiced. Junior high school students are easily swayed by
false information, especially when it is 'spread on the offline or on the
online realm."

19. The purpose of this study is to
explore the effects of misleading
information on Esperanian
Students' perceptions in
identifying facts.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM

20. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of
misleading information on Esperanian Students' perceptions in
identifying facts.
• 1.Describe the respondent's Demographic Profile Grade Level Strand (If
Applicable)
• 2.Determine the aspects of the respondent that have a strong
relationship with Misleading Information
• 3.Assess the level of influence of misleading information towards the
students in terms of each identified aspects.
• 4.Evaluate the response of the respondents.
• 5.Recommendation.

21. SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY

22. STUDENTS
IT HELPS GIVES AWARENESS TO THE
STUDENTS ABOUT THE RISK OF THE
MISLEADING INFORMATION BRINGS IN THEIR
PERCEPTION ON FACTS.

23. TEACHERS
IT WILL HELP TEACHERS TO GUIDE
THEIR STUDENTS IN IDENTIFYING
MISLEADING INFORMATION AND
FACTS.

24. COMMUNITY
IT WILL GUIDE THE COMMUNITY AS THEY
EXPLORE THE EFFECTS OF MISLEADING
INFORMATION AND HOW ITS IMPACTS THE
PERCEPTION OF INDIVIDUAL IN IDENTIFYING
FACTS.

25. LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
THIS STUDY CAN BRING THE BENEFIT TO
LOCAL OFFICIALS IN COMBATING
MISLEADING INFORMATION TGROUGH
EXPLORING ITS EFFECTS TOWARDS
INDIVIDUAL.

26. OTHER
RESEARCHERS
THIS STUDY WILL SERVE AS A TOOL
FOR OTHER RESEARCHERS IN
EXPLORING ABOUT THE MISLEADING
INFORMATION.

27. SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS
THE FOCUS OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXPLORE
THE EFFECTS OF MISLEADING INFORMATION
IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE STUDENTS IN
IDENTIFYING FACTS.

28. THE FACTORS THAT IMPACTS THE
PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS IN
IDENTIFYING FACTS
• ILLUSORY TRUTH EFFECT (VASU et al. 2018; Fazio et al. 2019)
• CONFIRMATION BIAS (Vasu et at. 2018)
• Lack of reflective reasoning (Pennycook and rand 2019)
• Bullshit receptivity (Pennycook and rand 2019)
• Overclaiming (Pennycook and rand 2019)

29. • The study will be conducted at CAPT. MARIANO L. ESPERA JR. the
focus of this study are the selected junior high school and senior high
school students from grade 7 to grade 12 through systematic random
sampling.

30. CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

33. DEFINITION OF
TERMS

34. MISLEADING INFORMATION
• is synonymous with false information. Misleading information is
information that has been fabricated in order to cause harm to a
specific , a group, or a country (misinformation). As a result, misleading
information is a catch-all term for various types of false information.
• DISINFORMATION- Information that is false and deliberately created to
harm a person, social group, organization or country (UNESCO)
• MISINFORMATIOM-false information that was not created with intent
of causing a harm. (UNESCO)
• MAL-INFORMATION-Information based on reality that is used to cause
harm to a person, social group, organization, or country. (UNESCO)

35. • INFODEMIC- infodemic is a word that blends “information” and “epidemic” and refers to the
rapid spread of information both accurate and inaccurate in the age of internet and social
media. The term was coined in 2003 (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
• Fake news- false stories that appear to be news, spread on the internet or using other media,
usually created influence political views or as a joke (Cambridge English Dictionary)
• FACTS- something that actually exist: reality: truth a truth known by actual
experience or observation ; something known to be true (Dictionary.com.)
• INFROMATION DISORDER- is a term studied and presented by Claire Wardle and Hossein
Derakhshan in 2017: Information Disorder: toward a multidisciplinary framework for research
and policy making. The term understands all phenomena that happen to information universe
divided into three categories: misinformation, disinformation, malinformation (lGl Global
Publisher)