1. Gas EnergyAustralia
The Stationary Energy
LPG Industry – Our
Value to Australia
Building a more secure energy future through
increased use of gaseous fuels

2. Our Missionis
“... improve the nation’s energy security and environment and
reduce energy costs by maximising the benefits of gaseous fuels
to the community...”
About Us
Gas Energy Australia was established on 15 October 2012 – as the national peak body that consolidates the
advocacy, policy and technical development and communications profile of the downstream gaseous fuels
industry, incorporating Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) - in Australia.
Gas Energy Australia’s goal is to provide a united industry voice to stakeholders (i.e. governments, state
authorities and the community) on the use of gaseous fuels in Australia. Gas Energy Australia’s interests
incorporate all aspects ofthe downstream gaseous fuels industry, including producers, refiners, distributors,
transporters, retailers,vehiclemanufacturers, equipmentmanufacturers andsuppliers,installers,educators
and consultants.
The Associationisfocused on achievingenergy security andeconomic prosperity in alowercarboneconomy
by advocating the value and benefits of gaseous fuels. Gas Energy Australia’s stakeholder engagement is
supported by progressive policy development based on sound research, analysis and expert commentary,
the ongoing development of national standards and innovative products and technology, proactive media
engagement, and the development of the industry’s specialist workforce.
Our Industry
The gaseous fuels industry is extremely diversified and competitive. With its availability and diverse
applications, the industry is equipped to immediately contribute to a sustainable energy solution anywhere
and anytime.
As an alternative fuel source, gaseous fuel is playing an important role in shaping Australia’s future energy
policy and lowering our carbon footprint. Gaseous fuels are a significant contributor to the Australian
economy both in exports and providing access to an extremely transportable low carbon energy source for
Australians everywhere. With the support of government, industry and consumers, gaseous fuels can play a
pivotal role in establishing a more sustainable energy solution for Australia.
2 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia

3. Our Customers
MillionsofAustralianscurrentlyusegaseousfuelseverydayacrosshundredsofapplications.Ourcustomers
enjoy the multiple uses of gas for private, commercial and industrial applications, transportation, farming,
power generation, hot water, cooking, space heating and outdoor recreation. Gaseous fuels can beused
anywhere and anytime, without large investments in infrastructure.
Our Structure
Gas Energy Australia is a not-for-profit organisation governed by a Constitution and Board of Directors who
are approved annually by our Advisory Council Members. Industry Task Forces, Advisory Council Working
Groups and TechnicalCommittees are established byour members and associates inresponse to policy and
technical development initiatives - supported bya Secretariat based in Canberra.
Building a more secure energy future through
increased use of gaseous fuels
With greater use of gaseous fuels there are significant flow-on benefits to the Australian economy in terms
ofreducedgreenhousegasemissions,lowerenergycostsforhouseholdsandbusinesses,lowerenergycosts
for heavy vehicle operators, and greater insulation of the Australian economy against future oil price shocks
and growing dependency on fuel imports.
3 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia

4. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Contents
About this report 5
Our Customers 6
Our People 10
Our Infrastructure 11
Our Cost Saving Performance 13
Our Emissions Saving Performance 14
4 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia

5. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
About This Report
Gas Energy Australia (GEA), on behalf of its members and associates, has published this report to
outline the value of the stationary energy Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) industry in terms of its:
customers;
people;
infrastructure; and
emissions reductions and cost savings performance.
The Association’s Secretariat has worked closely with its members and associates through the
Association’s Stationary Energy LPG Task Force to design and conduct a survey of GEA members;;
Cootes Transport, Elgas, Kleenheat Gas, Origin and Supagas, to collect the data on which this report is
largely based. The Secretariat subsequently collated the results of the member survey and developed
this report for publication.
Much of the information contained in this report has never before been collated or published. In terms
of infrastructure, customers and people, this report covers only data reported by GEA members. It does
not cover privately owned cylinders and much of the recreational sector. The true size of the industry is
likely to be significantly larger than the conservative figures represented in this report.
The GEA member survey data in this report has been supplemented with research undertaken by the
consulting firm pitt&sherry, which compares the cost and greenhouse gas emissions performance of
different types of water heaters. This research estimates the emissions abatement associated with
LPG in comparison with other water heater energy types such as electric resistance. It has also been
supplemented by data contained in the 2013 GEA LPG Supply and Demand Study, which was
prepared for the Association by ACIL Allen Consulting.
In relation to gas bottle numbers, information in this report refers only to gas bottles held by GEA
members and associates and the 4.4 million exchange cylinders known to the Secretariat. Gas bottles
privately held (and their value) are not included, the numbers of which are believed to be significant.
This report provides a “snapshot” of the value that the GEA members’ stationary energy LPG sector
represents to Australia and its people.
5 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia

6. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Our Customers
Our value statement
“…. Gas Energy Australia stationary energy LPG members supply almost
one million customers across the Australian continent”
Figure 1: Number of customers by type
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
6 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Households Businesses
We support Australian households and
businesses:
Our members supply over 783,000
Australian households
Our members supply over 154,000
Australian businesses
Our members supply almost
940,000 Australian customers (not
including recreational and autogas
customers)

7. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving
Performance
Our Emissions Saving Performance
Figure 2: Number of customers by location
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
Figure 3: Number of customers by state
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
7 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Capital cities Regional and remote areas
314,289
5,685
146,851
257,214
61,491
117,056
16,563 18,604
NSW
ACT
Vic
Qld
SA
WA
NT
Tas
We supply customers in capital cities
and regional and remote areas:
We supply over 672,000 regional
and remote customers
We supply over 265,000 capital
city customers
We support customers in all states:
New South Wales is the largest
market with over 314,000
customers
Queensland is the second
largest market with over 257,000
customers
Victoria is the third largest
market with over 146,000
customers

8. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving Performance
Figure 4: Share of customers by state and type
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
Figure 5: Share of customers by state and location
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
8 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
84%
58%
81%
88%
78% 80% 80% 83%
16%
42%
19%
12%
22% 20% 20% 17%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NSW ACT Vic Qld SA WA NT Tas
% Households % Businesses
20%
100%
12%
45%
30% 27%
42% 37%
80%
0%
88%
55%
70% 73%
58% 63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NSW ACT Vic Qld SA WA NT Tas
% Capital % Regional
We support households and
businesses in every state
Queensland has the highest
proportion of household
customers at 88%
New South Wales and Tasmania
have the next greatest proportion
of household customers at 84%
and 83% respectively
The Australian Capital Territory
has the highest proportion of
business customers at 42%
We support customers living in regional
Australia
All states have the majority of their
customers living in regional areas
Victoria has the highest proportion
of customers living in regional
areas at 88%
New South Wales has the second
highest proportion of customers
living in regional areas at 80%

9. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving Performance
Figure 6: Volume of stationary energy LPG demand by
state (kilotonnes)
Source: 2013 GEA LPG Supply and Demand Study
Note: Petrochemical use of LPG is not included in this chart
Figure 7: Total national volume of stationary energy LPG
demand (kilotonnes)
Source: 2013 GEA LPG Supply and Demand Study
Note: Petrochemical use of LPG is not included in this chart
9 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
NSW ACT Vic Qld S A Tas WA NT
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
All states demand LPG for
stationary energy:
Victoria has the highest
demand with almost 200
kilotonnes per annum
New South Wales and
Queensland consume 190 and
169 kilotonnes per annum
respectively
Total stationary energy LPG
demand is estimated at 727
kilotonnes in 2013
Stationary energy LPG demand
has remained steady over time:
Australian consumption of
stationary energy LPG has
averaged 740 kilotonnes
since 2008
The LPG industry can
respond rapidly to high
demand as it did in 2011

10. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving Performance
Our People
Our value statement
“…. We provide a livelihood for families through our support of contractors
as well as employees”
Figure 8: Workforce numbers by type
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
Figure 9: Workforce numbers by state
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
10 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
500
1000
1500
Employees Contractors
25%
1%
22%
21%
7%
20%
1% 2%
NSW
ACT
Vic
Qld
SA
WA
NT
Tas
We employ nearly as many contractors
as we have employees:
Our members directly employ in
excess of 1,400 people
We employ in excess of 1,200
contractors and externally hired
people
Our members employ people in every
state:
A total of 670 people are employed
in New South Wales, our largest
state for employment at 25%
598 people are employed in
Victoria while 554 are employed in
Queensland
Due to the large number of
customers in regional and remote
Australia, our members provide
significant employment in these
areas

11. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Our Infrastructure
Our value statement
“…. Gas Energy Australia members have just under $4 billion
invested in delivering stationary energy LPG across the Australian
continent”
Figure 10: Value of infrastructure by type ($ billion)
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
Figure 11: Number of cylinders by type (million)
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey and GEA Data
Note: Data does not include privately owned cylinders
11 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Ports and
terminals
Storage, refill
and retail
Trucks Cylinders
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.5 kg 9 kg 15-18kg 45 kg 90 kg 180/210 kg
Our members have almost $4 billion
invested in facilities, trucks and
cylinders:
Almost $1 billion invested in
facilities such as ports, terminals,
storage and retail facilities
Almost $2.2 billion invested in
storage refill and retail
Around $315 million is invested in
trucks
Almost $500 million invested in
cylinders
Over 7 million gas cylinders have
been provided for stationary energy
LPG customers:
Over 4.5 million 9kg cylinders
have been provided
Over 2 million cylinders are the
45 kg type
There are almost 276,000 15
to18 kg cylinder type
Six cylinder types are available
to provide an “anywhere-
anytime” energy source

12. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Figure 12: Value of cylinders by type ($ million)
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey and GEA Data
Note: Does not include privately owned cylinders
Figure 13: Value of investment by state ($ billion)
Source: 2014 GEA Member Survey
Note: Does not include privately owned cylinders
12 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
50
100
150
200
250
4.5 kg 9 kg 15-18kg 45 kg 90 kg 180/210 kg
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
NSW ACT Vic Qld SA WA NT Tas
Our members have invested a total
value of $500 million in gas cylinders:
Almost $250 million has been
invested in 45kg cylinders
Over $110 million has been
invested in 9kg recreational
cylinders
Almost $100 million has been
invested in the larger 180-210 kg
cylinders
Our members have invested in every
state of Australia:
New South Wales represents the
highest level of investment at
almost $1.2 billion
Western Australia represents the
second largest investment with
just under $1 billion
Queensland and Victoria
together total almost $1.3 billion
in investment

13. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Our Cost Saving Performance
Our value statement
“…. LPG is a competitively priced low emission energy source for
households”
Instantaneous LPG hot water saves consumers almost $1,000 dollars over the life span of their water
heater, compared with electric storage hot water
The figure below shows comparative (15 year) lifetime net present cost of different water heater types
used by medium size households in Australia. These estimates include the purchase and installation cost
of each type of water heater and each type’s net present operating cost over its life.
Figure 14: Lifetime net present cost of household water heaters by energy type (weighted
capital cities average)
Source: pitt&sherry, Greenhouse gas emissions performance of various types of residential water heaters, and
emissions abatement opportunities, 2014
13 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
$11,000
Electric
storage
Electric heat
pump
Solar
evacuated
tube
Solar flat
plate
Natural gas
storage
Natural gas
instantaneous
LPG storage LPG
instantaneous

14. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Our Emissions Saving Performance
Our value statement
“…. LPG offers significant emissions savings compared to
electricity”
The average instantaneous LPG hot water heater emits only 12.9 tonnes of carbon over a 15 year life
cycle – generating an emissions saving of 39 tonnes compared to an electric storage hot water heater
The average instantaneous LPG hot water heater saves 11.4 tonnes of emissions compared with a solar
electric water heater – a saving of almost 50%
Figure 15: Lifetime tonnes of emissions from household water heaters by energy type
(weighted capital cities average)
Source: pitt&sherry, Greenhouse gas emissions performance of various types of residential water heaters, and
emissions abatement opportunities, 2014
14 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Electric
storage
Electric heat
pump
Solar electric Solar flat
plate
Natural gas
storage
Natural gas
instantaneous
LPG storage LPG
instantaneous

15. Building a more secure energy future through increased use of gaseous fuels
About this report
Our Customers
Our People
Our Infrastructure
Our Cost saving Performance
Our Emissions Saving
Performance
Our value statement
“…. LPG offers a competitive source of greenhouse gas abatement”
Instantaneous and LPG storage water heaters offer abatement costs competitive to other alternatives to
electric hot water systems.
The figure below shows the comparative (15 year) lifetime cost of abatement resulting when continuous
tariff electric storage water heaters, used by medium size households in Australia’s eight capital cities,
are replaced by low emission water heaters. Electric storage water heaters are used as the cost of
abatement benchmark because they are the water heaters that produce the most greenhouse gas
emissions yet are still used by about half of all Australian households.
Figure 16: Lifetime abatement cost per tonne of CO2 for alternatives to electric water heaters
(weighted capital cities average)
Source: pitt&sherry, Greenhouse gas emissions performance of various types of residential water heaters, and
emissions abatement opportunities, 2014
15 The Stationary Energy LPG Industry – Our Value to Australia
-$160
-$140
-$120
-$100
-$80
-$60
-$40
-$20
$0
Electric heat
pump
Solar evacuated
tube Solar flat plate
Natural gas
storage
Natural gas
instantaneous LPG storage
LPG
instantaneous

16. Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Limited
(Gas Energy Australia)
Suite 7, 16 National Circuit
Barton ACT 2600 Australia
Phone 02 61763100
Fax02 61760207
Email mail@gasenergyaustralia.asn.au
http://new.gasenergyaustralia.asn.au/
ACN 002 703 951 ABN 11 002 703951
Incorporated inNewSouthWalesas aPublicCompanylimitedbyguarantee
Inaugurated 1958 Incorporated 1984