History of Swimming strokes Steps in 1st aiding a drowned person Benefits of swimming

1. ASSIGNMENT1: PE 3: SWIMMING
1. BriefHistory of Swimming
In the ancienttimes,swimmingisanactionforsurvival.Itisan abilityneededtofindfood(fishing),whenpeople
neededtocrossa rivertosafety on the otherside,orjustsimplynotto drownespeciallywhenbathinginlakesand
otherbodiesof water. Prehistoricdrawingsfromthe southwesternpartof Egypt show original documentationof people
swimming.The imagesseemtoshowthe dogpaddle orbreaststroke,butthese mayhave beenmore ritualisticthan
anything. Astime goesby,swimmingbecameanart and a formof leisure.Yearspassedandswimmingbecame a
competitivesportwhichwe all knowntoday.Below isthe timeline of how swimmingbecame a sport.
 1828- The firstindoorpool,St.George'sBathswas openedtothe public.
 1830s- Swimmingrose asa competitive recreationalmovement.
 1837- competitionswere heldinman-made poolsinLondon.
 1844- twoNative Americanmembersata swimminggame inLondonacquaintedthe frontcrawl witha
Europeangroupof onlookers.SirJohnArthurTrudgengrabbedthe hand-overstroke fromsome SouthAmerican
localsand effectivelyintroducedthe new strokein1873.
 1862- The veryfirstindoorpool inthe history of swimmingwasconstructedinEngland.
 1875- Publicinterestinswimmingcanbe attributedto Chief Matthew Webbwhenhe became the firstpersonto
swimacross the EnglishChannel inatime of 21 hours.
 1880- AmateurSwimmingAssociationof GreatBritain, anorganizationwithmore than300 memberclubswere
created.
 1896- swimmingmade itsdebutatthe OlympicGames
 1902- AustralianRichmondCavill wasthe firsttoswimwithamodernfreestyletechnique.
 1908- The worldswimmingaffiliation,Fédération Internationalede Natation(FINA),wasframed.Priortothis
there wasno standardstructure or rulesthat governedthe sportglobally.
 1912- Ladies'swimmingwasbroughtintothe Olympics.
 1922- the principal global swimmeetforladiesoutside the Olympicswasthe 1922 Women'sOlympiad
 1930s- butterflystroke wascreatedandwasat firsta variationof breaststroke
 1952- butterflystroke wasacknowledgedasadifferentstyle.
 1969- worldrecordsforyard-measuredraceswere abolished.The kindsof strokes allowedwere reducedto
freestyle(crawl),backstroke,breaststroke,andbutterfly.
 1976- swimmerswere finallyallowedtoweargoggles.
2. DifferentStrokesin Swimming
a. Breaststroke
 especiallyeffective inroughwater
 The stroke was describedasconsistingof awide pull of the armscombinedwithasymmetrical actionof
the legsand simulatingthe movementof aswimmingfrog,hence the usual term frogkick.
 performedlyingface downinthe water,the armsalways remainingunderwater

2.  earlybreaststroke featuredamomentaryglide atthe completionof the frogkick.Laterthe competitive
breaststroke eliminatedthe glide.
 inthe laterstyle,breathwastaken innearthe endof the arm pull
b. Butterflystroke
 usedonlyincompetition
 arms are broughtforwardabove the water
 The frog kickoriginallyusedwasabandonedfora fishtail (dolphin) kick,dependingonlyonup-and-
downmovementof the legs.
 Later swimmersusedtwodolphinkickstoone armpull.
 Breathingisdone in sprintcompetitionbyraisingthe headeverysecondorthirdstroke.
c. Backstroke
 swimmer’sbodypositionissupine,the bodybeingheldasflatandstreamlinedaspossible
 arms reach alternatelyabovethe headandenterthe waterdirectlyinline withthe shoulders,palm
outwardwiththe little fingerenteringthe waterfirst
 arm is pulledbacktothe thigh
 There isa slightbodyroll.
 The kick wasoriginallythe frogkick,butitsubsequentlyinvolvedup-and-downlegmovementsasinthe
crawl.
d. Crawl Stroke/ Freestyle
 fastestof all strokes
 The crawl was like the oldsidestroke initsarmaction,butit had a flutteringup-and-downlegaction
performedtwice foreacharmstroke.
 In the crawl,the body liesprone,flatonthe surface of the water,withthe legskeptslightlyunderthe
water.
 The arms move alternately,timedsothatone will startpullingjustbeforethe otherhasfinisheditspull,
thusmakingpropulsioncontinuous.
 Breathingisdone byturningthe headto eitherside duringrecoveryof the armfromthat side.
3. Stepsin GivingFirstAid to a Drowned Person
a. Place the drowningpersonontheirbackon a flatsurface,and be careful whenhandlingthemastheymaybe
unconsciousafterbumpingtheirheadagainstsomething.
b. Try to call the drowningpersonandshake theirshoulderstomake sure theyare responding.
c. If the persondoesnotrespond,checktheirbreathing. Place yourearnexttothe person’smouthandnose,feel
air on yourcheek.Lookto see if the person’schestismoving.
d. Asksomeone tocall the 911.
e. If the personisbreathing:Place theminthe recoverypositionandwarmthemupwithclothesor blankets.
Change theirwetclotheswhilewaitingforthe ambulance.
If the person is not breathing:
a. Elevate the headbyplacinga hand on the foreheadandanotherhanddownthe chin andliftingitgently
to clearthe airway.
b. Checktheirpulse byplacingtwofingersonthe windpipe(Adam'sapple).
c. Start artificial respiration(mouth-to-mouthresuscitation) straightawaybyslowlyblowing intothe mouth
of the person5 times(for1.5 to2 seconds) while observingtheirchestasitriseswitheachblow.Wait
until the chestdropsback before youblow intotheirmouthagain.
d. Start cardiopulmonaryresuscitationCPR(30 chestcompressions).

3. e. Repeatmouth-to-mouthresuscitationtwice thendoCPRonce,until the personwakesuporuntil the
ambulance arrives.
f. If the drowningpersonstartsbreathingagainbefore the ambulance arrives,theymustbe warmedupwith
clothesorblanketsandtheirwetclothesmustbe changed.
g. Monitorthe patientandkeepcheckingtheirpulseandbreathinguntil the ambulance arrives.
4. BenefitsofSwimming
1) It providesa whole body workout - Swimmingengagesalmosteverymajormuscle group,requiringapersonto
use theirarms,legs,torso,and stomach.It also:
2) It buildscardiovascular strength
3) It is suitable for all ages and fitnesslevels
4) It is easy on the joints- Swimmingdoesnotput excessstrainona person’sjoints.So,apersonwitharthritisora
jointinjurymayfindswimmingasuitable exercise,asthe buoyancyof waterreducesstressonweightbearing
joints.
5) It is good for people withinjuries - People whocannottake partin highimpact,highresistance exercisesmay
preferswimmingbecause the watergentlysupportsthe muscles.
6) It is good for people withdisabilities - People withaphysical disability suchasparaplegiamayfindthat
swimmingisanideal exercise becausewaterprovidesresistance andsupport.
7) It helpswith asthma - swimmingcanhelpincrease lungcapacityandimprove breathingcontrol. Althoughthe
humidairof indoorpoolsmayalsohelpimprove asthmasymptoms,itisimportanttonote thatsome studies
indicate thatdisinfectantchemicalsusedinpoolscanmake the symptomsof thisconditionworse.These
chemicalsmayalsoincrease the likelihoodof aswimmerdevelopingthe condition.
8) It improvesmultiple sclerosissymptoms - Water keepsthe limbsbuoyant,sopeople withmultiplesclerosis
(MS) maybenefitfromthe supportandgentle resistance thatwaterprovides.
9) It is safe duringpregnancy - Addedweightcancause jointandmuscle painduringpregnancy.Swimmingis
especiallypopularwithpregnantpeople becausethe watercansupportthisweight. However,itisalwaysa
goodideato consulta doctor whentryinga new formof activityduringpregnancy.
10) It burns calories - Swimmingisanexcellentwaytoburncalories.However,the amountof caloriesburned
dependsona person’sweightandhowvigorouslytheyswim.
11) It helpsimprove sleep
12) It boosts mood
13) It helpsmanage stress - Aerobicexercise mayelevate andstabilizemoodandreduce tensionoverall. A 2014
studyinrats foundthatswimmingcouldhelpreduce stress-induceddepression.
14) It improvescoordination, balance and posture
15) Beingavailable in many places – youcan swiminswimmingpools,beaches,lakes,damsandrivers.
References:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgk482p/revision/1
https://sportsmatik.com/sports-corner/sports-know-how/swimming/about
https://www.britannica.com/sports/swimming-sport
https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/awarenessplateform/FirstAid/Pages/Drowning.aspx
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321496