Rohingya, Most Neglected Community In The World According to The United Nation.

1. Rohingya
Most Neglected
Community In The World
According to The United
Nation.

2. Who are Rohingya
The Rohingya are an ethnic group,
the majority of whom are Muslim,
who have lived for centuries in the
majority Buddhist Myanmar.
Currently, there are about 1.1
million Rohingya in the Southeast
Asian country.

3. Present Status of Burma Population
60% + Rakhine (Buddhism)
Bamar (Buddhism)
33% Rohingya &
Kaman (Islam)
(Chakma/Diangnet/Sak),
Khami, Chin, Mro/Mru, Mramargyi
Muslims of Burma Estimate (8-12 %)

4. How did the crisis started
Rohingyas are indigenous to Rakhine state
(also known as Arakan) in Myanmar settled
since the 15th century, Collectively they fall
under the Muslim Indo-Aryans, a mixture of
pre-colonial and colonial immigration However,
according to Myanmar government, they are
illegal immigrants migrated to Rakhine
following Burmese independence and
Bangladesh liberation war hence they are
victims of an organized genocide and are one
of the world’s most persecuted minorities.

5. 2012
• The crisis first started on June 10th of 2012 in northern Rakhine
between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims.
• This resulted in gang rape and murder of a Rakhine women by
Rohingyas and killing of ten Burmese Muslims by Rakhines. In return,
Rohingya burned a Rakhine’s Buddhist and their houses.
• As of August 22nd, 2012 it is officially estimated as the total of 88
causalities including 57 Muslims and 31 Buddhists. Nearly 90000
peoples lost their home and around 2500 houses were burned in the
crisis.

6. 2015
• The government of Myanmar systematically isolates the ethnic
minority.
• This resulted in the migration of thousands of Rohingyas to
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand by rickety boats (hence
called boat people).
• According to United Nations from January to March in 2015,
approximately 25000 people have been taken by boats to different
countries and many of them died.

7. 2016-17
• The Myanmar Military started exploitation against Rohingyas in 2016.
• In the initial attack, many of them died and many were arrested. This
resulted in the migration of Rohingyas towards Bangladesh as refugees.
• In November, approximately 1500 refugee houses in border villages of
Myanmar was burned by special forces.
• The scenarios after this were even worse. Many Rohingya women were
gang raped, men and kids killed. The refugee boats in Naf river were under
gun fire by Military.
• In March 2017, 423 detainees were put arrested which includes women
and children.
• The crisis resulted in the displacement of nearly 92000 people from their
home land. (Reference: TheDailyStar)

8. The legal status of Rohingyas
• The Myanmar government never allowed a citizenship status to Rohingyas.
Hence the majority of them do not have any legal documentations, making
them stateless.
• Until recently, they have been able to register as temporary residents with
identification cards known as white cards which began issuing in the 1990s.
• These cards gave some basic rights to Rohingyas such as the right to vote.
But they were never recognized as a proof of Citizenship but these cards
get cancelled in 2015 which effectively put an end to their right to vote.
• In 2014, UN held a census, which was the first in Myanmar in 30 years.
Initially, the Muslim minority were allowed to register as Rohingya. But
after Buddhist threatened to boycott the census, the government issued a
statement that Rohingyas can register only if they are identified as
Bengalis.

9. The problems of the Rohingyas
• Are the result of the forcible expulsion from their homeland
• By means of persecution, genocidal massacres, torture and harassment
in the most inhuman manner.
• It is a problem of religious and political persecution
• A systematic elimination of an ethnic Muslim community from their
own homeland of Arakan

10. Operation Against Rohingyas
• Military Operation (5th Burma Regiment) November 1948
• Burma Territorial Force (BTF) Operation 1949-50
• Military Operation (2nd Emergency Chin regiment) March
1951-52
• Mayu Operation October 1952-53
• Mone-thone Operation October 1954
• Combined Immigration and Army Operation January 1955

11. • Union Military Police (UMP) Operation 1955-58
• Captain Htin Kyaw Operation 1959
• Shwe Kyi Operation October 1966
• Kyi Gan Operation October-December 1966
• Ngazinka Operation 1967-69
• Myat Mon Operation February 1969-71
• Major Aung Than Operation 1973

12. • Sabe Operation February 1974-78
• Nagamin Operation February 1978-79
• Shwe Hintha Operation August 1978-80
• Galone Operation 1979
• Pyi Thaya Operation 1991-92
• Na-Sa-Ka Operation (border security
forces) (presently going on) 1992.

13. Mechanisms
• Extra judicial killing: Since 1989 thousands of Rohingya youths and
madrasah students were killed.
• Arbitrary arrest and extortion: is a daily routine of business of Na-
Sa-Ka and police. It is popularly known as Kalar Hmu
• Confiscation of properties: Land, and cattle confiscated and
distribute it among Burman model villagers.
• Now, there are 100 model villages. Each village has 70-100
household and each house was provided with 4 acres of land and 2
pairs of cows.

14. • Anti-Rohingya and anti-Muslim propaganda: The junta incites
communal riots by allowing to distribute books and taped records
insulting Islam and Muslims.
• Rape: Rape of women is widespread. It was an official strategy to
terrorize and compel the Rohingya community to flee.
• Forced labor: Although forced labor is prevalent throughout Burma,
in North Arakan, it is only imposed on the Rohingyas.
• Restriction on movements: Rohingyas are not allowed to travel
freely from one place to another, even within the same locality.

15. • Restriction on marriage: take years to obtain permission, requires
payment of bribes. Some brides are forced to undergo a pregnancy
test. Unauthorized marriages are criminalized and are sentenced with 4
to 7 years.
• Restriction on employment: As non-citizens, we are barred from all
kind of employment and therefore people are jobless.
• Restriction on education: Illiteracy is at 80%. Primary and secondary
education is neglected. Due to restrictions of movement, we are
prevented from attending higher education

16. Restriction on Religious Practices
• Many mosques have been destroyed and
closed down.
• No permission is given even to renovate
Masjids and madrasahs while building new
one is totally forbidden.
• It means within more and less than twenty
years there will not be seen any Islamic
symbolical housings
• Most of them are build of woods and
bamboos.

17. One view of refugee camp before destroyed One view of refugee camp after destroyed

18. One view of refugee camp before destroyed One view of refugee camp after destroyed

19. Dangerous Journey
• Due to endless persecution in Burma
• Unwelcoming attitudes of neighboring Bangladesh
• Prompted many Rohingyas to seek refuge
elsewhere.
• In the past, Rohingyas used Saudi Arabia, UAE but as
Bangladesh not issue passport; almost impossible,
• The only option since 2006 became a risky boat trip
to reach Malaysia via Thailand.

20. Our humble Appeal
• International bodies UN, EU, OIC, ASEAN, NGOs
• Countries such as UK, USA, India, China, Australia and
• To explore a permanent solution to the outstanding Rohingya
problems
• Within the frame work of the international law, pacts on human
rights and other international practices.

21. To pressurise the Burmese Junta
• 1. To recognize Rohingyas as an indigenous ethnic
• 2. To issue immediately national identity cards
• 3. To give permission to build Mosques and other---
• 4. To admit into higher education including-----
• 5. To stop extra- Judicial Killing, raping Rohingya women, any form
of harassing

22. • 6. To stop arbitrary arrest, torture, arbitrary taxation
• 7. To lift ALL form of restrictions
• 8. To stop forced slave labour
• 9. To lift restrictions of Marriage
• 10. To stop forced Eviction and House Destruction
• 11. To give back forced confiscated land to their owner.
• 12. To call back all model villagers to their original places

23. Appeal to host countries
• To give temporary protection
• To issue document
• To give chance for education
• Permission for employment
• Assess for treatment

24. Appeal to NGOs
• To highlight Rohingya problems
• To form a working team among NGOs
• Work collectively
• To find a way
• To formulate a mechanism for permanent solution
• To approach government

25. Fund appeal from various country

26. Our Attempt for them (We need a lot)
The cost of housing and feeding the
estimated 379,000 Rohingya refugees who
have fled to Bangladesh since the latest wave
of violence began in Myanmar could be as
high as $80 million a month, experts have
warned.
Economists and policymakers have said the
international community must help to bear
the estimated costs, as the prospect of
Bangladesh doing this alone is financially
unsustainable based on the country’s current
per capita income of $1,602.

27. Education for all
Almost a year after hundreds of thousands of
Rohingya children fled from ethnic violence in
Myanmar, more than 70% of them are out of school.
Over 327,000 refugee children are deprived of
education around the city of Cox's Bazaar, where
they arrived after leaving their homes because of
killings and sexual assaults.
More than 600,000 Rohingya people left Myanmar
last year for Bangladesh, where they face an
uncertain future in refugee camps.
Around 60% of those fleeing ethnic cleansing in
Rahkine State that began in August have been
children.
60% of Rohingya children in Cox's Bazaar did not go
to school when they were in Myanmar. But when
families were surveyed by the International Rescue
Committee, 90% said they would send their children
to school given the chance.

28. Thank You