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“headache”
CC: ปวดศีรษะข้างซ้าย มา 1 วัน ก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล
PI: 1 วันก่อนมา รพ. ขณะนั่งดูทีวี มีอาการปวดศีรษะข้างซ้าย
บริเวณขมับซ้ายไล่มาตามเบ้าตา ปวดตุ๊บๆ ไม่มีปวดร้าวไปไหน
ร่วมกับมีคลื่นไส้ แต่ไม่มีอาเจียน ปวดพอทนได้ปวดเท่าๆเดิม
ตลอด เป็นอยู่ 2-3 ชั่วโมง ไม่มีไข้ไม่มีน้ามูกน้าตาไหล ไม่มีเห็น
แสงวูบวาบ,ภาพบิดเบี้ยว,ภาพซ้อน ก่อนปวด ไม่มีชา ไม่อ่อนแรง
ไม่เคยปวดเช่นนี้มาก่อน กินยาพาราแล้วไม่ดีขึ้น นอนพัก 1 ชั่วโมง
แล้วดีขึ้นเล็กน้อย กินยาแก้ปวดไมเกรนของภรรยาแล้วดีขึ้น คิดว่า
ตัวเองเป็นไมเกรนจึงมา รพ.
 PH:
 No U/D
 No food and drug allergy
 No smoking, social drinking
 FH:
 No FH of migraine
 PE:
 V/S : BP 118/70 mmHg, PR 75/min, RR 15/min,
BT 36.9 *C
 HEENT : not pale , anicteric sclera
 Heart & Lungs & Abdomen : WNL
 Neurological examination
 Eye ground : cannot be evaluated (no
ophthalmoscope)
 Cranial nerve :
 CN II : pupils 3 mm BRTL
 CN III,IV,VI : full ROM
 CN V : normal sensation , no weakness of
masseter and pterygoid muscle
 CN VII : no facial palsy
 CN VIII : normal hearing by speaking
 CN IX,X : normal gag reflex
 CN XI :no weakness of Trapezius and SCM
 CN XII : no tongue deviation
 Sensory : grossly intact
 Motor power grade : V all extremities
 DTR 2+ all
 Babinski sign : planter respond both sides
 Clonus : negative
 Meningeal irritate sign : no stiffness of neck
 Cerebellar sign : Finger to nose, Tandem
gait, Heal to knee to chin : normal
 Problem : Unilateral pulsating headache
No red flag signs & symptoms
o Age > 50
o Progressive course
o Sudden & severe onset
o Pattern change
o Abnormal physical examination
1. Migraine
2. Tension
3. Cluster
4. Other primary headaches
 4.1. Primary stabbing headache
 4.2. Primary cough headache
 4.3. Primary exertional headache
 4.4. Primary headache associated with sexual
activity
 4.5. Hypnic headache
 4.6. Primary thunderclap headache
 4.7. Hemicrania continua
 4.8. New daily-persistent headache (NDPH)
 A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72
hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated),
which has at least two of the four following
characteristics:
 1. Unilateral location
 2. Pulsating quality
 3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits
daily activities)
 4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine
physical activity
 B. During headache at least one of the two
following symptoms occur:
 1. Phonophobia and photophobia
 2. Nausea and/or vomiting
 A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72
hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated),
which has at least two of the four following
characteristics:
 1. Unilateral location
 2. Pulsating quality
 3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits
daily activities)
 4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine
physical activity
 B. During headache at least one of the two
following symptoms occur:
 1. Phonophobia and photophobia
 2. Nausea and/or vomiting
 A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72
hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated),
which has at least two of the four following
characteristics:
 1. Unilateral location
 2. Pulsating quality
 3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits
daily activities)
 4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine
physical activity
 B. During headache at least one of the two
following symptoms occur:
 1. Phonophobia and photophobia
 2. Nausea and/or vomiting
 A. At least two attacks fulfilling with at least three of the
following:
 1. One or more fully reversible aura symptoms indicating focal
cerebral cortical and/or brain stem functions
 2. At least one aura symptom develops gradually over more
than four minutes, or two or more symptoms occur in
succession
 3. No aura symptom lasts more than 60 minutes; if more than
one aura symptom is present, accepted duration is
proportionally increased
 4. Headache follows aura with free interval of at least 60
minutes (it may also simultaneously begin with the aura
 B. At least one of the following aura features establishes a
diagnosis of migraine with typical aura:
 1. Homonymous visual disturbance
 2. Unilateral paresthesias and/or numbness
 3. Unilateral weakness
 4. Aphasia or unclassifiable speech difficulty
 A. Headache lasting from 30 minutes to
seven days
 B. At least two of the following criteria:
 1. Pressing/tightening (non-pulsatile) quality
 2. Mild or moderate intensity (may inhibit, but
does not prohibit activity
 3. Bilateral location
 4. No aggravation by walking, stairs or similar
routine physical activity
 C . Both of the following:
 1. No nausea or vomiting (anorexia may occur)
 2. Photophobia and phonophobia are absent, or
one but not both are present
 A. Headache lasting from 30 minutes to
seven days
 B. At least two of the following criteria:
 1. Pressing/tightening (non-pulsatile) quality
 2. Mild or moderate intensity (may inhibit, but
does not prohibit activity
 3. Bilateral location
 4. No aggravation by walking, stairs or similar
routine physical activity
 C . Both of the following:
 1. No nausea or vomiting (anorexia may occur)
 2. Photophobia and phonophobia are absent, or
one but not both are present
 A. At least five attacks of severe unilateral
orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain
lasting 15 to 180 minutes untreated, with
one or more of the following signs occurring
on the same side as the pain
 1. Conjunctival injection
 2. Lacrimation
 3. Nasal congestion
 4. Rhinorrhoea
 5. Forehead and facial sweating
 6. Miosis
 7. Ptosis
 8. Eyelid oedema
 B . Frequency of attacks from one every
other day to eight per day
 A. At least five attacks of severe unilateral
orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain
lasting 15 to 180 minutes untreated, with
one or more of the following signs occurring
on the same side as the pain
 1. Conjunctival injection
 2. Lacrimation
 3. Nasal congestion
 4. Rhinorrhoea
 5. Forehead and facial sweating
 6. Miosis
 7. Ptosis
 8. Eyelid oedema
 B . Frequency of attacks from one every
other day to eight per day
 Migraine without aura
American Academy of Family Physicians
 Ibuprofen (400 mg)
Sig 1 tab T.I.D with meal
 Ergotamine (1 mg)
Sig 1 tab PO O.D. prn for pain
 Flunarizine (5 mg)
Sig 1 cap PO h.s.
Ibuprofen (400 mg)
Sig 1 tab T.I.D with meal
Non-specific medical used
Migraine-Specific medication
Triptans : selective 5-HT agonist
Ergotamine : partial 5-HT1d agonist
Ergotamine (1 mg)
Sig 1 tab PO O.D. prn for pain
2012 American Headache Society
Flunarizine (5 mg)
Sig 1 cap PO h.s.

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case discussion : headache

  • 2. CC: ปวดศีรษะข้างซ้าย มา 1 วัน ก่อนมาโรงพยาบาล
  • 3. PI: 1 วันก่อนมา รพ. ขณะนั่งดูทีวี มีอาการปวดศีรษะข้างซ้าย บริเวณขมับซ้ายไล่มาตามเบ้าตา ปวดตุ๊บๆ ไม่มีปวดร้าวไปไหน ร่วมกับมีคลื่นไส้ แต่ไม่มีอาเจียน ปวดพอทนได้ปวดเท่าๆเดิม ตลอด เป็นอยู่ 2-3 ชั่วโมง ไม่มีไข้ไม่มีน้ามูกน้าตาไหล ไม่มีเห็น แสงวูบวาบ,ภาพบิดเบี้ยว,ภาพซ้อน ก่อนปวด ไม่มีชา ไม่อ่อนแรง ไม่เคยปวดเช่นนี้มาก่อน กินยาพาราแล้วไม่ดีขึ้น นอนพัก 1 ชั่วโมง แล้วดีขึ้นเล็กน้อย กินยาแก้ปวดไมเกรนของภรรยาแล้วดีขึ้น คิดว่า ตัวเองเป็นไมเกรนจึงมา รพ.
  • 4.  PH:  No U/D  No food and drug allergy  No smoking, social drinking  FH:  No FH of migraine  PE:  V/S : BP 118/70 mmHg, PR 75/min, RR 15/min, BT 36.9 *C  HEENT : not pale , anicteric sclera  Heart & Lungs & Abdomen : WNL
  • 5.  Neurological examination  Eye ground : cannot be evaluated (no ophthalmoscope)  Cranial nerve :  CN II : pupils 3 mm BRTL  CN III,IV,VI : full ROM  CN V : normal sensation , no weakness of masseter and pterygoid muscle  CN VII : no facial palsy  CN VIII : normal hearing by speaking  CN IX,X : normal gag reflex  CN XI :no weakness of Trapezius and SCM  CN XII : no tongue deviation
  • 6.  Sensory : grossly intact  Motor power grade : V all extremities  DTR 2+ all  Babinski sign : planter respond both sides  Clonus : negative  Meningeal irritate sign : no stiffness of neck  Cerebellar sign : Finger to nose, Tandem gait, Heal to knee to chin : normal
  • 7.  Problem : Unilateral pulsating headache
  • 8. No red flag signs & symptoms o Age > 50 o Progressive course o Sudden & severe onset o Pattern change o Abnormal physical examination
  • 9. 1. Migraine 2. Tension 3. Cluster 4. Other primary headaches  4.1. Primary stabbing headache  4.2. Primary cough headache  4.3. Primary exertional headache  4.4. Primary headache associated with sexual activity  4.5. Hypnic headache  4.6. Primary thunderclap headache  4.7. Hemicrania continua  4.8. New daily-persistent headache (NDPH)
  • 10.  A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated), which has at least two of the four following characteristics:  1. Unilateral location  2. Pulsating quality  3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits daily activities)  4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine physical activity  B. During headache at least one of the two following symptoms occur:  1. Phonophobia and photophobia  2. Nausea and/or vomiting
  • 11.  A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated), which has at least two of the four following characteristics:  1. Unilateral location  2. Pulsating quality  3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits daily activities)  4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine physical activity  B. During headache at least one of the two following symptoms occur:  1. Phonophobia and photophobia  2. Nausea and/or vomiting
  • 12.  A. At least five headache attacks lasting 4 - 72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated), which has at least two of the four following characteristics:  1. Unilateral location  2. Pulsating quality  3. Moderate or severe intensity (inhibits or prohibits daily activities)  4. Aggravated by walking stairs or similar routine physical activity  B. During headache at least one of the two following symptoms occur:  1. Phonophobia and photophobia  2. Nausea and/or vomiting
  • 13.  A. At least two attacks fulfilling with at least three of the following:  1. One or more fully reversible aura symptoms indicating focal cerebral cortical and/or brain stem functions  2. At least one aura symptom develops gradually over more than four minutes, or two or more symptoms occur in succession  3. No aura symptom lasts more than 60 minutes; if more than one aura symptom is present, accepted duration is proportionally increased  4. Headache follows aura with free interval of at least 60 minutes (it may also simultaneously begin with the aura  B. At least one of the following aura features establishes a diagnosis of migraine with typical aura:  1. Homonymous visual disturbance  2. Unilateral paresthesias and/or numbness  3. Unilateral weakness  4. Aphasia or unclassifiable speech difficulty
  • 14.  A. Headache lasting from 30 minutes to seven days  B. At least two of the following criteria:  1. Pressing/tightening (non-pulsatile) quality  2. Mild or moderate intensity (may inhibit, but does not prohibit activity  3. Bilateral location  4. No aggravation by walking, stairs or similar routine physical activity  C . Both of the following:  1. No nausea or vomiting (anorexia may occur)  2. Photophobia and phonophobia are absent, or one but not both are present
  • 15.  A. Headache lasting from 30 minutes to seven days  B. At least two of the following criteria:  1. Pressing/tightening (non-pulsatile) quality  2. Mild or moderate intensity (may inhibit, but does not prohibit activity  3. Bilateral location  4. No aggravation by walking, stairs or similar routine physical activity  C . Both of the following:  1. No nausea or vomiting (anorexia may occur)  2. Photophobia and phonophobia are absent, or one but not both are present
  • 16.  A. At least five attacks of severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain lasting 15 to 180 minutes untreated, with one or more of the following signs occurring on the same side as the pain  1. Conjunctival injection  2. Lacrimation  3. Nasal congestion  4. Rhinorrhoea  5. Forehead and facial sweating  6. Miosis  7. Ptosis  8. Eyelid oedema  B . Frequency of attacks from one every other day to eight per day
  • 17.  A. At least five attacks of severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain lasting 15 to 180 minutes untreated, with one or more of the following signs occurring on the same side as the pain  1. Conjunctival injection  2. Lacrimation  3. Nasal congestion  4. Rhinorrhoea  5. Forehead and facial sweating  6. Miosis  7. Ptosis  8. Eyelid oedema  B . Frequency of attacks from one every other day to eight per day
  • 19. American Academy of Family Physicians
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  • 24.  Ibuprofen (400 mg) Sig 1 tab T.I.D with meal  Ergotamine (1 mg) Sig 1 tab PO O.D. prn for pain  Flunarizine (5 mg) Sig 1 cap PO h.s.
  • 25. Ibuprofen (400 mg) Sig 1 tab T.I.D with meal Non-specific medical used
  • 26. Migraine-Specific medication Triptans : selective 5-HT agonist
  • 27. Ergotamine : partial 5-HT1d agonist Ergotamine (1 mg) Sig 1 tab PO O.D. prn for pain
  • 28. 2012 American Headache Society Flunarizine (5 mg) Sig 1 cap PO h.s.