Research about the different aspects of cinematography, including types of camera shots.

1. Cinematography

2. What is cinematography?
● Cinematography is the science or art of motion-picture of
photography.
● One of the most important people on set is the Director of
Photography - they are responsible for all the visual aspects of a
film. They make creative choices related to composition, lighting,
camera motion and much more. They also make choices to do
with colour and depth of field- what in the shot is in focus and
what is not.

3. Types of camera
shots

4. Long shot
● Distant shots that would be used to place an object or human
figure in relation to its surroundings, perhaps for comparison.

5. Extreme Long Shot
● A shot mostly used as an establishing shot. Often an exterior,
such as a building.

6. Mid-shot
● Mid shots are general, all-purpose shots. They can be used to for
dialogue sequences. As with close ups, they will also show
emotion through body language.

7. Tracking shot
● A shot that can be used to film a moving subject or object
The Shining - Tracking Shot

8. Close up
● a close up shot can be used to show emotion as it will usually
show a person/character's face, taking up most of the frame.

9. Extreme close up
● A shot used for very detailed sequences/shots. It will display
much more emotion than a regular close up if used to film eyes,
for example.

10. Pan shot
● A shot that can be used to track movement or as an establishing
shot, as with an extreme long shot.

11. Tilt shot
● used for dramatic effect, portraying unease and/or
disorientation

12. Compositions in film
- rules that have been used for years

13. Lead Room
This is the open space in front of where the character is looking.
If a character is looking frame left, they should be placed frame right and vice
versa.
If this is not done, the frame/shot can have a claustrophobic undertone to it as
the character would be looking to the corner of the frame.

14. Rule of thirds
● Important subjects should
be placed at the
intersections of the lines.
● These points are
comfortable to the eye and
so make the framing and
placement much smoother.
● The middle portion of the
frame is kept ‘clear’

15. Proxemics in film
- where objects and characters are in
the frame

16. - Intimate distance: skin to skin contact to about eighteen inches away. This is the
distance of love and comfort between characters.
- Personal distance: eighteen inches to four feet away. This is the distance for
friends and acquaintances.
- Social distance: four to twelve feet away. This is the distance used for impersonal
business and social gatherings.
- Public distance: from twelve feet to about twenty five feet and more. This is the
formal range.

17. Jeff Cronenweth
Understanding the
Cinematography of Jeff
Cronenweth

18. Jeff Cronenweth was born on 14th January, 1962 in Los Angeles, California. He is well-known
for his cinematography in Gone Girl (2014), The Social Network (2010) and The Girl with the
Dragon Tattoo (2011).
He is known for his dim-lit, close up, long shot filming which can be seen clearly in Fight Club
(1999).
“Whether we were inside or outside, we always wanted to keep a shallow depth of field to
keep the audience focused on what we wanted them to see” - he said of his style in Fight Club.
“ I was looking to create a visual world and style that allowed the actors to play this mental
chess game with each other without giving their characters away.” - Cronenweth on his work
in Gone Girl. He has also talked about how challenging lighting was in a Mystery such as Gone
Girl.
He has been nominated for multiple awards, including two Academy Awards for Best
Cinematography.