research process, qualitative, quantitative date etc.

1. RESEARCH PROCESS
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1

2. What’s a Research Process?
A research process . . .
Begins with the development of a research question.
The re-search question is often based on an idea or
a ‘hunch’. It has to be refined because it serves as
the foundation for a search.

3. The researchers then study existing literature to
determine the state of research related to the problem.
The literature search can lead of further refinement of
the research question.

4. Developing
the
research
question
Searching
and
evaluating
the
literature
Choice of
methodology
and research
design
Preparing a
research
proposal
Gaining
access to
the data
Sampling
Data
collection
Dissemi-
nation of
the
research
Data
Analysis
Implemen
-tation of
the
research
Figure 3. RESEARCH PROCESS BY LACEY (2006,p.17)

5. This is where you figure out exactly what you
want to learn or find out. It's like deciding
what question you're going to try to answer.
 Developing A Research Question

6. Example: World War 2
Original Question: "What happened during World War
II?“
Refined Question: "What were the geopolitical and
socioeconomic factors that led to the outbreak of World
War II, and how did it reshape the global political
landscape?"

7. Imagine it's like going to a library or searching
online to see what other people have written
about your question. You read what they've
found and decide if it helps you.
 Searching and Evaluating the Literature

8. BUSINESS
Original Question: "What makes a successful
startup?“
Refined Question: "What are the key factors
contributing to the sustainable growth and success of
tech startups in their first five years, and how can these
insights inform entrepreneurship strategies?"

9. This is about deciding how you're going to do
your research. Are you going to count things
and use numbers, or are you going to talk to
people and use their stories? It's like picking
the tools for your investigation.
 Choice of Methodology and Research
Design

10.  Quantitative Research
 Methodology: Survey Research
 Research Design: Cross-Sectional
POLITICS
Conducting a survey to understand public opinion on
a political issue by collecting responses from a
diverse group of participants at a single point in time.
EXAMPLE:

11.  Preparing A Research Proposal
Think of this as making a detailed plan for your
research. You write down exactly what you're
going to do, like a recipe for a cake.

12. You need to get your hands on the
information you want to study. This could
mean talking to people, getting documents,
or finding data sets.

13. SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES
Example:
Designing an online survey and sharing it with
potential respondents through email, social media,
or your website to collect data.

14.  Sampling
If you have a lot of information, you might not
be able to study it all. So, you pick a smaller
part to focus on. It's like tasting a spoonful of
soup to understand the whole pot.

15. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Example:
In a factory with 500 workers, every 10th
worker on the employee list is selected for a
safety training program.

16.  Data Collection
This is where you actually gather all the
facts and details you need. It's like going
out and collecting puzzle pieces.

17. SURVEYS
Example:
Conducting a questionnaire survey to collect
information on customer satisfaction with a
new product.

18.  Data Analysis
Once you have all your puzzle pieces,
you put them together to see the bigger
picture. This step helps you make sense
of the information you collected.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:

19. Example: Calculating the mean, median, and standard
deviation of exam scores to Education Implementation:
Research Finding: Research demonstrates that a specific
teaching method significantly improves student
engagement and learning outcomes.
Implementation: Schools and educators incorporate the
teaching method into their curriculum and instructional
practices, summarize and describe the central tendency
and variability of student performance.

20.  Dissemination of the Results
After you've figured things out, you share
what you've learned with others. This can be
in the form of a report, a presentation, or even
just telling people what you found.

21. ACADEMIC JOURNALS
Example: Submitting a research paper to a
peer-reviewed journal in your field for
publication, making your findings accessible
to other researchers

22.  Implementation of the Research
Sometimes, the things you discover can lead
to changes or new ideas in the real world.
This step is about putting your findings into
action.

23. EDUCATION IMPLEMENTATION
Research Finding: Research demonstrates that a
specific teaching method significantly improves student
engagement and learning outcomes.
Implementation: Schools and educators incorporate the
teaching method into their curriculum and instructional
practices.

24. Lacey (2006)
points out that all approaches are valid,
given that they fit the research question and
the needs of the research. In the next stage,
a research proposal is prepared, giving
details about the planned research. Lacey
mentions gaining the access to the
necessary data as a separate step. due to
ethical and legal issues connected to the
use of patients' data.

25. Once the data is available, a suitable sample can be
selected and the data collection takes place (preceded
if necessary by a pilot study). The data is analyzed
according to the selected methods. The results of the
research are disseminated, mostly through publications
in scientific journals or presentation at conferences.
Lacey as cited by Lovasz-Bukvova, Helena & Helena
(2009) sees the implementation of the research results
as an important part of the research process in nursing
(Lovasz-Bukvova, Helena & Helena, 2009).

26. ETHICS OF
RESEARCH

27. What is Ethics?
 Ethics are the moral principles that govern a
person's behavior (Parveen, 2017). Research
ethics may be referred to as doing what is morally
and legally right in research. They are norms for
conduct that distinguish between right and wrong,
and acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

28.  Ethics are central to the research process.
Researchers need to take care of various
ethical issues at different levels of this
process. The reality is there can be ethical
concerns at every step of the research
process (Bickman & Rog. 2009).

29. ETHICAL ISSUES
1. Informed consent is the prime responsibility
of the researcher. A standard procedure in
professional codes of ethics is informed
consent' (Resnik 1998). Seek consent for the
participation from people. In the case of
children and few other exceptional cases, the
informed consent of participants, as well as
their guardians must be obtained.
.

30. 2. The researcher must reveal all the risks
associated with the research to the participants.
She should highlight all the negative and positive
aspects of the research during the consent
process. Aim, objectives and nature of the
research, duration of the study, sponsors and
other important information must be revealed to
the participants.

31. 3.The knowledge gap between the researcher
and the participants must be considered.
4. The privacy, anonymity and confidentiality of
the participants and data must be given due
consideration (Jensen, 2002). As professional
guidelines and some form of a cultural consensus
are still being negotiated, research projects need
to consider carefully issues of anonymity,
confidentiality, and informed consent."

32. 5. Participants must be given an option of rejecting
data-gathering devices like camcorders, audio
recorders etc.
6. To make them convenient and easily
understandable, the questionnaire and other forms
of rating scales must be designed in the native
language of the participants.

33. 7. Participants' safety is the prime concern. They
should not be exposed to risks greater than they
encounter in their normal lifestyle.
8. In case, it's the responsibility of the researcher
to protect participants from the risks arising from
their research.

34. 9. The researcher should protect and promote
the rights and interests of the participants.
10. The researcher must take care of their
own safety.

35. 11. She must take care of cultural, religious,
economic, psychological, spiritual,
physiological, biological political, social and
other issues of the participants.
12. Researchers are expected to consider
ethical implications of their research.

36. 13. To uphold the ethical standards in
the research process, the researcher
must accept and respect the principles
integrity, honesty, objectivity and
openness.

37.  Plagiarism is the unethical practice of using words or
ideas (either planned or accidental) of another
author/researcher or your own previous works without
proper acknowledgment. (Enago, 2023)
Note: In the Philippines, plagiarism is the same as
copyright and could be consider under the cybercrime
law of the Republic Act 10175, and according to the
Department of Justice, plagiarism is not a crime buts it is
the same in copyright violation. (Athan, 2018)
 Plagiarism is considered a violation of academic and
moral integrity.

38. QUANTITATIVE
VS.
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

39. Quantitative Vs. Qualitative?
 quantitative research deals with numbers and
statistics
 while qualitative research deals with words and
meanings
 Both are important for gaining different kinds of
knowledge (Streefkerk, ed. 2020).

40.  QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (to confirm or test
something)
Example: Theory or Hypothesis
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH (understand something)
Example: Concepts, Thoughts, Experiences

42. QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE and
mixed METHODS research
APPROACH

43. Example:
You survey 300 students at your school and ask
them questions such as: "on a scale from 1-5, how
satisfied are you with your teachers?"
You can perform statistical analysis on the data and
draw conclusions such as: "on average students
rated their professors 4.4".
Quantitative Research Approach

44. Qualitative Research Approach
You conduct in-depth interviews with 15 students
and ask them open- ended questions such as:
"How satisfied are you with your studies?",
"What is the most positive aspect of your study
program?" and "What can be done to improve
the study program?"

45. Mixed Method Research Approach
You conduct interviews to find out how satisfied
students are with their studies.
Through open-ended questions you learn things
you never thought about before and gain new
insights. Later, you use a survey to test these
insights on a larger scale.

46. Identification:
1. What is the primary responsibility of the researcher when it comes to participants in a study?
.
2. What aspect should the researcher consider regarding the knowledge gap between
themselves and the participants?
3. Name one key aspect that should be carefully considered in terms of participant privacy and
data.
4. What choice should participants have regarding data-gathering devices like camcorders?
5. In what language should questionnaires and rating scales be designed for participant
convenience?
6. What is the primary concern when it comes to participants' safety in research?.
7. Whose responsibility is it to protect participants from risks arising from the research?

47. 8. What step in the research process involves deciding exactly what you want to learn or find out?
9. During which phase of research do you gather all the facts and details you need, similar to
collecting puzzle pieces?
10. Which step in the research process involves sharing what you've learned with others, often in
the form of a report or presentation?
11. In the research process, what is the purpose of preparing a detailed plan for your research,
akin to creating a recipe for a cake?
12.This begins with the development of a research question.
13. These are the moral principles that govern a person's behavior?
14. Use qualitative research if you want to______?
15. Use quantitative research if you want to ___?

48. 16.
17. What research approach involves conducting interviews with students to gain new insights,
followed by using a survey to validate those insights on a larger scale?
18. When you can't study all the available information, what process involves selecting a smaller
portion to focus on?
19. What phase of research involves physically collecting the facts and details you need?
20. After gathering all the necessary information, what step helps you understand the bigger picture?

49. THANK
YOU!

50. GROUP 1 REPORTERS
Leader: Villegas, Mary Angela B.
Ass. Leader: Pon, Jenamie C.
Members:
Abol, Dave Marie C.
Taqui-ang, Rhosepie D.
Estoque, Dannyboy
Ablong, Railey
Basi, Rainier
Cumayas, Leejay Chris