Chill

1. Fruits
Capsicum fruits – Senna pods
Pharmacogonosy II

2. Capsicum Fruit
— Origin :The dried ripe fruits of
Capsicum minimum F.Solanaceae
— Condition: Dried -ripe
— Shape: Ovoid to conical ovoid,
attached to 5- toothed calyx and a slender pedicle.
— Color: Orange red to red
— Kind: True, Simple, Succulent, Berry
(pericarp is fleshy and endocarp is not hard).

3. — Insertion: Superior
— Dehiscence: Indehiscent
— Odour: Sternutatory
— Taste: Fiery pungent taste
Pericarp
— Colour: Orange red
— Surface: Glabrous , shining
— Texture and Thickness: thin & leathery.
— Sutures: Nil
— Epi, meso and Endocarp: Indistinguishable.
— Placentation: Axile

4. Seed
— No: 10-20 in each fruit.
— Shape : reniform ( kidney-shapped)
— Kind: Albuminous, derived from Campylotropous ovule
— Embryo: Coiled, Dicot and Long radicle.
Pitted reticulated
surface

5. T.S in Pericarp
Islet of sclereid
in endocarp
IML of
mesocarp
Epicarp
Idioblast of microsphenoidal
crystals of ca.ox

6. Epicarp: thick cutinized, straight walled
rectangular cells, thickened on the 2
radial and outer tangential walls
Islets of sclerides of endocarp
IMLM =
Giant cell
Oil
globules

7. Outer
epidermis
Inner
epidermis
endosperm
T.S in capsicum seed

8. Capsicum fruit powder
Physical characters
— Color: orange red color
— Odour : sternutatory .
— Taste: fiery pungent .
Pungency is destroyed by KMnO4 (not by alkalis)
Key elements:
1- sclereids of endocarp.
2- Seed coat.

9. Polygonal elongated sclerieds having thick, sinous, pitted
and lignified walls
Low power High power
islets of sclerieds of endocarp

10. Low power High power
Large polygonal cells having thick, lignified
sinuous walls and branched lumen.
Seed coat

11. Senna pods= legumes
Origin: the dried ripe fruits of Cassia
acutifolia known as Alexandrian senna
and Cassia angustifolia known as
Indian senna Family: Leguminosae
— Condition: dried, ripe
— Shape :thin, papery, laterally
compressed, subreniform.
— Color : Pale green to greenish-
brown with a brown center area
(position of seeds)
— Odour: odourless.
— Taste: bitter mucilagenous.

12. — Kind : true, simple, dry, dehiscent, legume.
— Insertion : superior
— Dehiscence : along both dorsal and ventral
sutures.
— Placentation : Marginal
Ventral
side
Dorsal
side

13. Pericarp
• Colour: pale green to greenish brown
• Thickness and texture: thin and papery
• Surface : rough
• Sutures: dorsal and ventral
• Epi, meso & endocarp: indistinguished
macroscopically
Seed
• Number: Alex(5-7) , Indian(6-8)
• Adherence: adhere to ventral suture by
short funicle.
• Shape: obovate, wedge-shaped, hard
• Kind: albuminous, atropus.
• Embryo: large, straight, dicot.

14. Senna Powder
L.P. H.P.
Crossed fibres of endocarp
Palisade-like
epidermal
cells of the seed.
Bearer cells
horse-Shoe shaped hypodermis
In seed

15. Fragments of epicarp
showing Paracytic stomata and warty hairs.
Fragment of crossed fibres
(atypical crystal sheath)

16. Special chemical test:
Modified Borntrager’s test
Pd.
Seena
1) Boil with alc. KOH
2) Filter
1) Acidify with dil. HCl
2) Few drops H2O2
Filterate
1) Extract with organic solvent
2) Shake with NH3
Rose red color in
aqueous layer