Research title and questions

1. Group 2
Reporters:
Matt Pascua
Arlsjun Santiago
Eldren Noquillo
Hamim Samporna
Edmark Amihan
Jave Nadera
Fortunato Aureo
Johnray Aranas
Angel Malinis
Khem Gubat

2. Definition of Speech Acts
A speech act is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an
intended effect.Some of the functions which are carried out
using a speech acts are offering an
apology,greeting,request,complaint,invitation,compliment and
refusal.A speech act might contain just one word or several
words of sentences.For example,“Thanks”and “Thank you for
always bring there for me.I really appreciate it”both show
appreciation regardless of the length of the statement.

3. Three Types of Speech Act
According to j. I...Austin (1962),a philosopher of language and the developer
of the Speech Act Theory,there are three types of acts in every
utterance,given the right circumstances and convence.
These are:
1.Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering.
“please do the dishes.”
2.Illocutionary act is the social function of what is said
By uttering the location “please do the dishes”the speaker request the
addressee to wash the dishes.
3.Prelocutionary act is the resulting act of what is said.This effect is
based on the particular context in which the speech act was mentioned.
“please do the dishes”would lead to the addressee washing the dishes.

4. There are also indirect speech acts which occur when there
is no direct connection between the form of the utterance
and the intended meaning.They are different in force from
the inferred speech act.
For example,read the following utterance
“Can you pass the rice?”
Inferred speech act:do you have the ability to hand over
the rice?
Indirect speech act: please pass the rice.
So while the utterance literally asks the addressee of he or
she has the ability to hand a plate of rice.In actually
indirectly requests the addressee to pass the rice to the
speaker.

5. Performatives
Austin also introduced the concept of performative
utterances: statements which enable the speaker to
perform something just by stating it.In this
manner,verbs that execute the speech act that they
intend to effect are called performatives.A
performative utterance said by the right person under
the right circumstances results in a change in the
world.Note that certain conditions have to be met when
making a performative utterance.

6. Searle's Classifications of Speech Act
As a response to Austin's Speech Acts Theory,John Searle (1976),a
professor from the university of California, Berkeley, classified
illucutionary acts into five distinct categories.
1.Assertive-a type of illucutionary act in which the speaker
expresses belief about the truth of a proposition.Some examples of
an assertive act are suggesting, putting
forward,swearing,boasting and concluding.
Example:No one makes better pancakes than I do.

7. 2.Directive-a type of illucutionary act in which the speaker
tries to make the addressee perform an action.Some of the
examples of a directive act are
asking,ordering,requesting,inviting,advising and begging.
Example: Please close the door.
3.Commissive-a type of illucutionary act which commits the
speaker to doing something in the future.Examples of the
commissive act are promising, planning,vowing and betting.
Example:From now on,I will participate in our group activity.

8. 4.Expressive-a type illucutionary act in which the speaker expresses
his/her feelings or emotional reactions.Some of the examples of an
expressive act are thinking, apologizing, welcoming and deploring.
Example:I am so sorry for not helping out in our group projects and
letting you do all the work.
5.Declaration-a type illucutionary act which brings a change in the
external situation.Simply put, declarations bring into existence or cause
the state of affairs which they refer to.Some examples of declarations
are blessing,firing,baptizing,bidding,passing a sentence and
excommunicating.
Example:You are fired!
By saying that someone is fired ,an employer causes or brings about the

9. Thank
Thank
Thank
you!
you!
you!