Kubernetes helps tame sprawling microservices architectures and addresses the increased operational complexity. Kubernetes gives developers abstractions and APIs to deploy and run their services. Yet the elephant in the room is that to run, maintain, and evolve the Kubernetes clusters, we need more ops expertise and most likely a dedicated team. Manuel Pais addresses this elephant in the room, raising questions such as whether or not the industry is going back to pre-DevOps isolation between dev and ops teams, if the trade-off between better operational tools and introducing a new dependency layer on the path for applications teams to deliver and run their services worthwhile, and if you’re making life easier for application teams or reducing their end-to-end ownership. Team topologies is a structured approach for thinking about team responsibilities and interactions, which can help you get the most value out of Kubernetes adoption. Manuel draws on research and case studies from the book Team Topologies (Matthew Skelton and Manuel Pais, IT Revolution Press, 2019) with first-hand consulting experience with organizations around the world.

1. TeamTopologies.com
@TeamTopologies
The Elephant in the
Kubernetes Room
Team Interactions at Scale
Manuel Pais, Consultant
co-author of Team Topologies - @manupaisable
Velocity Conference 2019, Berlin
#VelocityConf

2. 2
Kubernetes as a Platform
Dev and Ops Equilibrium
Team Cognitive Load
Team Interactions

3. Team Topologies
3
Organizing business and
technology teams for fast flow
Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais
IT Revolution Press (2019)
https://teamtopologies.com

4. Kubernetes as a platform
4

5. 5
Source: https://www.infoq.com/news/2019/03/airbnb-kubernetes-workflow
Melanie’s talk: https://www.infoq.com/presentations/airbnb-kubernetes-services

6. 6

7. 7

8. Kubernetes platform
microservices
ops complexity
8

9. Kubernetes platform
deploy & run
abstractions
9

10. 10

11. 11
Still need to...
… set up hosts
… create/destroy clusters
… update to new K8s versions
… decide on namespaces vs clusters
<insert your fav chore here>

12. 12
Still need to...
… set up hosts
… create/destroy clusters
… update to new K8s versions
… decide on namespaces vs clusters
… worry about security!

13. Who is responsible ?
13

14. Who is responsible ?
Who is impacted ?
14

15. Dev and Ops:
a fragile equilibrium
15

16. devopstopologies.com

17. devopstopologies.com

18. 18
https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/the-2019-accelerate-state-of- devops-elite-
performance-productivity-and-scaling

19. devopstopologies.com

20. 20

21. 21

22. devopstopologies.com

23. devopstopologies.com

24. devopstopologies.com

25. devopstopologies.com

26. Team Cognitive Load
26

27. 27

28. “Cognitive load is the total amount
of mental effort being used in the
working memory”
- John Sweller
28

29. 29
Cognitive load
Intrinsic (skills)
Extraneous (mechanics)
Germane (business focus)

30. 30
Cognitive load
Intrinsic (skills)
Extraneous (mechanics)
Germane (business focus)

31. 31

32. 32
Source: https://medium.com/@pingles/convergence-to-kubernetes-137ffa7ea2bc

33. 33
Low-level AWS service calls (EC2, IAM, STS, Autoscaling, etc.) from January 2015 to January 2017

34. 34
Low-level AWS service calls since Kubernetes adoption in January 2017

35. “We didn’t change our organization
because we wanted to use
Kubernetes, we used Kubernetes
because we wanted to change
our organization.”
- Paul Ingles
35

36. “The best part of my day is when I
update 10 different YAML files to
deploy a one-line code change.”
38

37. “The best part of my day is when I
update 10 different YAML files to
deploy a one-line code change.”
– No One, Ever
39

38. 40

39. 41

40. Team Topologies
42
Organizing business and
technology teams for fast flow
Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais
IT Revolution Press (2019)
https://teamtopologies.com

41. 43

42. 44

43. 45

44. 46
enable stream-aligned
teams to deliver work
autonomously with self-
service capabilities ...
Platform Purpose

45. 47
… in order to reduce
extraneous cognitive load
on stream-aligned teams
Platform Purpose

46. “A digital platform is a foundation of
self-service APIs, tools, services,
knowledge and support which are
arranged as a compelling internal
product.”
– Evan Bottcher, 2018
48

47. A good platform is
treated as a product
(reliable, usable,
fit for purpose)
49

48. Team Interactions
50

49. 51

50. 52

51. 53

52. 54service boundary

53. 55service boundarycognitive load

54. 62

55. 63
strong collaboration with
stream-aligned teams for
any new service or evolution
Platform Behaviors

56. 64

57. 66
on-call support
service status pages
suitable comms channels
response time for incidents
downtime planned & announced
Platform as a Product

58. 67
great product management
fast prototyping
fast feedback
Platform Behaviors

59. 68

60. 70

61. 71

62. 77

63. 78

64. 79

65. 80

66. Zalando Kubernetes at Zalando
Mercedes DevOps Adoption at Mercedes-Benz.io
Twilio Platforms at Twilio: Unlocking Developer Effectiveness
Adidas Where Cloud Native Meets the Sporting Goods Industry
ITV ITV's Common Platform v2 Better, Faster, Cheaper, Happier
MAN Truck & Bus How to Manage Cloud Infrastructure at MAN Truck & Bus
Farfetch UX I DevOps - The Trojan Horse for Implementing a DevOps Culture
More platform examples
82

67. TeamTopologies.com
@TeamTopologies

68. 20% discount:
VELOCITY20
teamtopologies.com/events
84

69. Thank you!
teamtopologies.com
85
Matthew Skelton, Conflux
@matthewpskelton
Manuel Pais, Independent
@manupaisable
Copyright © Conflux Digital Ltd 2018-2019. All rights reserved.
Registered in England and Wales, number 10890964
Icons made by Freepick from www.flaticon.com - used under license

70. Rate today's session
Session page on conference website
O’Reilly Events App