ANTISEPTIC AND DISINFTIVE

1. Dr. Manoj Kumar
Assistant Prof. Pharmacology
AMCH Ambala cant

2.  Are anti-infective substances
 Which are use on the skin & mucous membrane or on
inanimate object.
 To reduce or kill microorganisms.
 They are non-selective & some of them are toxic

3.  These are the substances or medium by removing or
killing all micro-organisms including vegetative form of
bacteria, viruses, fungii, spores, parasite
 Which are present every where responsible for
contamination and infection.

4.  Destruction or inhibition of growth of all pathogenic
organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungii) on non living surfaces
 But not the spores on the surface or any medium
 If spores are also killed process is Sterlization

5.  These are substances which inhibit the growth or kill
micro-organisms on living surfaces such as skin & mucous
membrane. It prevent tissue infection

6. Good antiseptic/disinfectant
1. Rapid acting
2. Chemically stable
3. Cheap & Cidal
4. Non staining & good odour
5. Active against all pathogens
6. Active in presence of pus, blood & exudates
7. Non irritating to tissues / non corrosive
8. Non absorbable
9. Non sensitizing (no allergy)

7.  Oxidation of bacterial protoplasm
– Potassium permagnate, H202, Halogens
 Co-agulation (denaturation) of bacterial proteins &
disrupt cell membrane
– Phenols, chlorhexidine, alcohols, aldehydes
 Detergent like action ↑ permeability of bacterial cell
membrane
– Cetrimide, soaps

8.  Phenol derivatives: – phenol, cresol, hexachlorophene, chlorohexylenol
(dettol)
 Alcohols: – Ethanol, Isopropanol
 Aldehyde: – Formaldehyde , Glutaraldehyde
 Oxidizing agents:– Hydrogen peroxide, potassium per magnate.
 Acids: – Acetic acid, boric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid
 Halogens:– Iodine, chlorine, chlorophores.
 Metallic salt: – Mercuric compounds, silver nitrate, zinc sulphate, zinc
oxide
 Biguanides:– Chlorhexidine.
 Dyes: – Gentian violet, acriflavine, proflavine
 Quaternary ammonium:– Cetrimide.

9.  Earliest used antiseptic & germicides
 At 0.2% cidal activity
 Protoplasmic poison, injures microbes, tissues & cells at high
conc causes skin burn
 MOA: – denaturizing bacterial proteins & disrupting bacterial
cell membrane
 USES : – disinfect urine, faeces, pus, sputam, burns.
 Extremely irritating & mild local anaesthetic action

10.  Methyl Derivative of phenol, less damaging to tissues
than phenol.
 3-10 times more active
 Used for disinfection of utensils, excreta & washing
hands.

11.  Phenol derivative
 Does not co-agulate proteins,
 Non corrosive, Non irritating to skin
 Poorly water soluble
 Commercial used 4.8 % solution for surgical antisepsis
 Skin cream & soap: 0.8%
 Mouth wash 1%

12.  Chlorinated phenol act by inhibiting enzymes
 Causing bacterial lysis.
 Commonly use in soap
 Effectively only against Gm+ve
 Slow but persistant action
 >2% preparations banned

13.  Potassium permagnate: – Purple crystals, highly water soluble,
 Liberates oxygen which oxidizes bacterial protoplasm.
 Used for gargling, irrigating wounds, urethra (condy's lotion
diluted solution of 1:4000 to 1:10,000 )
 High conc cause burns & blistering
 It is also used to disinfect water in ponds.
 Stomach wash in alkaloidal poisoning

14.  Hydrogen Peroxide: – liberates nascent oxygen which
oxidizes necrotic matter & bacteria.
 Helps in loosening & removing slough, ear wax etc.
 Benzoyl Peroxide: – Widely used drug for acne.
 liberates O2 in presence of water which kills bacteria,
specially anaerobes

15.  Iodine,
 Iodophores
 Chlorine
 Chlorophores

16.  Rapidly acting broad spectrum (bacteria, fungi, virus)
 Acts by iodinating and oxidizing microbial protoplasm.
 1:20000 solution kill most vegetative forms even bacterial
spores are kill with higher concentration/longer action
 Used on cuts, degerming skin before surgery, treat ring
worm.
 Adverse effect: cause burns & blisters

17.  Known as povidine iodine.
 Non toxic, nonirritating, non staining prolonged
germicidal action.
 Used on boils, furunculosis, burns, ulcers, tinea,
disinfecting endoscopes & surgical instruments, surgical
scrubbing, non specific vaginitis.

18.  Rapid action and Potent germicide 0.1 to 0.25 ppm kill
most pathogens.
 Kills pathogens in 30 sec.
 Used to disinfect urban water supplies.
 More active in acidic or neutral medium

19. (1) Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)
– obtained by action of chlorine on lime.
– used to disinfect drinking water & swimming pools
(2) Sodium hypochlorite
– Powerful disinfectant used in dairies for milk cans.
– Too Irritant to be used as antiseptic.
– Root canal therapy in dentistry

20.  Chlorhexidine: (Savlon) Acts by disrupting bacterial cell
membrane & denaturation of bacterial proteins
 Non irritant, more active against gram+ve bacteria.
 Used in for surgical scrub, neonatal bath, mouth wash &
general skin antiseptic.
 Most widely used antiseptic in dentistry 0.12-0.2% oral
rinse or 0.5 -1 % tooth paste

21.  Antiseptics cetrimide
 Detergents:- Cidal to bacteria, fungi & viruses.
 Act by altering permeability of cell membrane
 Efficiently remove dirt and grease
 Widely used as antiseptics & disinfectants for surgical
instruments, gloves etc
 Combined with chlorhexidine (savlon)

22.  Anionic detergents
 Weak antiseptics with cleansing action
 Washing with soap & warm water one of the most effective
methods of preventing disease transmission
 Affect only Gm+ bacteria

23.  Ethanol – Antiseptic, cleansing agent at 40-90% conc.
 Act by precipating bacterial proteins
 Recommended for decontamination of hands in the health
care & personal hygiene
 Irritant, should not be applied on mucous membrane, ulcers
 Open wounds produce burning sensation .

24.  Used for fumigation.
 37 % aqueous solution called as formalin.
 Protoplasmic poison , denaturants proteins.
 Used for preserving dead tissues.
 Use as antiseptic restricted due to bad odour & irritation
 Glutaraldehyde :- is a better sterlizing agent
 Broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi & viruses

25.  Boric acid :- weak antiseptic , bacteriostatic.
 Used for mouth wash, irrigation eyes,
 Boroglycerine pant use stomatitis and glossitis.
 Adverse effect: systemic absorption cause vomiting,
abdominal pain diarrhoea, visual disturbance & kidney
damage.

26. SILVER COMPOUNDS
 Silver sulphadiazine :- is active against pseudomonas seen in
burns patient.
 Silver nitrate :- rapidly kill & highly active against gonococci -
1% solution used
ZINC COMPOUNDS
 Zinc Salts:- used as eye wash, ear drops, acne.
 Calamine and zinc sulfate:- Mild antiseptic, insoluble

27. Gentian violet:- Active against (gram + ve), bacteria, fungi
 Used on chronic ulcers, furunculosis, bed sores, ring
worms infected, eczema.
Acriflavine and proflavine:-
 Active against gram +ve bacteria & gonocci
 Suitable for chronic ulcers & wounds
 Do not retard healing, non irritant

28.  These are drugs used to kill parasites that live on body
surfaces
 Lice → cause pediculosis (hair infection)
 Mites → cause scabies(skin infection)

29. (1) PERMETHRIN
(2) LINDANE
(3) BENZYL BENZOATE
(4) IVERMECTIN
(5) CROTAMITON
(6) SULFUR
(7) DICOPHANE (DDT)

30.  Broad spectrum causes neurological paralysis in insects.
 100 % cure rate nearly
 Single application needed in most cases.
 Few patients experience itching ,burning.
 first drug of choice for scabies & pediculosis.
Scabies: apply all over the body except face & head .
Wash after 8- 12 hrs.
Head lice:- massage about 30 g in to scalp & wash after 10
min.

31.  Broad spectrum insecticide which kills lice & mites by
penetrating their chitinous cover & affecting nerves system
 Properties similar to permethrin.
 Cure rate low & resistance seen.
Disadvantage:-
 Lipid soluble CNS toxicity like vertigo, convulsions seen.
 Application similar to permithrin.
 If Combination with benzyl benzoate is more effective.

32.  Oily liquid with aromatic smell.
 Cure rate 76–100% second application required after 24 hrs.
 Toxicity is low, Application similar to permethrin.
 Use has declined due to skin irritation.
 Contraindication in children because of neurological
symptoms & skin irritation.
 Combination with lindane highly effective.

33.  Effective scabicide, pediculocide & antipruritic
 Low cure rates
 Better results if applied for twice at 24 hr interval & washed
off days after that
 Less irritation & toxicity
 May be preferred in children as second choice

34.  Scabicide, weak pediculocide, antiseptic, fungicide & keratolytic.
 These is dissolve cuticle of itch mite and kill it.
 Scrubbing bath (open burrows) ointment is massaged over body
(below the neck) for 3 consecutive days
Disadvantages:
 (a) Treatment is messy.
 (b) Produces bad odour—socially unacceptable
 (c) Repeated applications are required.

35.  Popular insecticide for mosquitoes, flies and other pests.
 Used in dust or watery suspension form
 Pediculosis & scabies 1–2% lotion or ointment is applied &
washed off after 12–24 hours.
 Poorly absorbed through skin cause rashes, muscle
weakness, tremor.
 Very high doses produce convulsions & neurotoxin
 It gets stored in body fat & induces microsomal enzymes.
 Combination with benzyl benzoate is more effective.

36.  Anti helminthic drug which has been recently found
effective against scabies & pediculosis.
 A single 0.2 mg/kg ( 12mg in adults)
 Has 91- 100 % cure rate.
 Contra indicated in children 5yrs, pregnant & lactating
women.