history of past degisn towers

1. HISTORY
OF
TOWERS
KARURU RAJU
21CE01056
PROJECT SEMINAR

2.  INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY OF TOWERS
 THE TOWER OF BABEL, BABYLON
 PHAROS, THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA
 TOWERS IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROMES
 ISLAMIC TOWERS
 TOWERS OF HINDUISM
 NINTEENTH AND TWEMTIETH CENTURY TOWERS
 THE EIFFEL TOWER

3.  THE FIRST CONCRETE TOWERS
 CN TOWER
 SKYSCRAPERS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

4. INTRODUCTION
 Towers have bean built in all most all cultures from time
immemorial.
 What motivates people to built them?
A Philosopher once spoke of a “Drive towards height”.
 In those days, the drive towards height promoted architects
to build even higher and increase their technical ability,
 In this way there came into the being towers to honor a
deity.

5. PHAROS, THE LIGHTHOUSE OF
ALEXANDRIA
 Within a few centuries , Alexandria became the most
important city in the Mediterranean region. Today it remains
a major part.
 Since Alexander the great died during the second invasion of
Babylon, in 323 B.C.
 With total height of 120 to 140 meters for more than one
and a half millennia the lighthouse was the tallest stone
tower in the world.
 The three – part arrangement of the height – an octagonal
tower on a square, raised base, with a round peak and
concluding sculpture.

6.  The tower was
covered with white
marble and
arranged not only
vertically but also
with recesses and
protrusions.

7. ISLAMIC TOWERS
 Minaret in Samarra(A.D.
836-852) by quasrel giss.
 The mosque of Samarra was
and is the largest on all
mosques 240 X 156 meters
216 supports courtyard 440
X 376 meters.
 The brick tower standing on
a base of approximately 30
meters has survived time
well.
 The spiral shaped access in
the form of a ramped recalls
of the tower of Babel.

8.  The Selim mosque in Edirne, built by Sinam from 1569-1574.
 When Sinam is 18 years old, he was of the opinion that this
was his most mature work.
 The four minarets 70 meters high stand freely besides the
mosque and with their exciting thinness, lend the entire
building a unique elegance.

9.  The Taj Mahal in Agra was built 1631-48 during reign of
shah Jahan for his wife Arjuman Banu Begam. She was later
called Mumtaz Mahal.
 The mausoleum, radiant in its luminous white marble,
contrasts with the red sandstone of the lower base and the
flanking structures.
 It has become one of the most famous building of all times.
 The poet Nizami mentions that in the course of the day the
tomb appears blue, yellow and white.
 The marble reflects the color of the sky, depending upon the
time of day.

11. HINDUISM TOWERS
 The temple of the seven pagodas, an eighth century Hindu
monument in Mahabalipuram.
 This double temple is executed in stone, with the main
shrine facing east, surrounded by a wall, and situated
directly on the ocean.
 Step resembling stories rise from a square ground plan,
taper upward and are capped by a dome with an umbrella
shaped peak
 This shorp temple of the seven pagodas, a pyramidal five
story structures, is 18 meters height and is built on a base
measuring 15 meters at the sides.

13.  The temple of
Jagannatha from the
eleventh century.
 The typical parabolic
basic form is thinner
and extend higher than
elsewhere.
 The horizontal
arrangement in the
super structure are
minimized, but the bas-
reliefs are more
consistently executed
than on Nacna.

14.  Brihadvisvarasvamin Temple,
Thanjavur, in twelfth centuries in
Madras is one of the most famous and
important cola temples.
 It is for the worship of Shiva.
 This 63 meters towers stands on a
temple with a main shrine of 14 x 14
meters that is set on a base.
 There is an abundance of various works
of arts at the entrance on the base and
above,
 And it is richly adorned with depictions
of iron and crocodile, friezes with
imaginary animals and gods with their
women.

15. NINTEENTH AND TWEMTIETH CENTURY
TOWERS
 The campanile of san Marco in
venice was erected on the site
of a wooden bell towers in
1392, the pper story was
redesign in 1512.
 Following its collepse in 1902, it
was immediately rebuilt in its
earlier form, with reinforced
foundation, to a total height of
99 meters and provided with a
peak made of reinforced
concrete.

16.  The Templo Della Sagrada
Familla a monumental church
in Barcelona, was begun 1822
by Antoni Guidi.
 This structure, termed neo-
Catalonian Gothic was
intended to have twelve
towers 100 to 150 meters and
main dome with 27 meters
adjacent domes.
 Only four tower east portal
was completed.
 Gaudi died in 1926 without
being able to complete the
church.

17. THE EIFFEL TOWER
 The Eiffel Tower is named after its designer, Alexendre-
Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel was a French civil engineer,
specializing in metal structures.
 Eiffel won by unanimous vote with his tower design with a
latticework design. But all Parisians did not love the Eiffel
Tower. During the construction of the Eiffel Tower, a
petition was distributed demanding that it be dismantled.
Locals thought that the tower was an eyesore.
 The tower stands 324 meters (1,063 ft) tall, about the
same height as an 81-storey building. It was the tallest
man-made structure in the world from its completion

18.  The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs
7,300 tones while the entire structure, including non-
metal components, is approximately 10,000 tones.
 As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300
tones of the metal structure were melted down it would
fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of only 6 cm
(2.36 in), assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8
tones per cubic meter.
 Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the
tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7.1 in)
because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side
facing the sun.

19. THE FIRST CONCRETE TOWERS
 At the beginning of the
twentieth century Le Raincy
was a small parish church for
suburbs whose population
was rapidly growing. In 1918
the abbot of Le Raincy, Felix
Nègre, proposed in 1918 to
build a church to
commemorate the French
victory in the Battle of the
Marne in 1914.

20.  The Lake Point Tower was
built in 1968 in Chicago.
 The 70 story glass and
rounded shape resembles
design almost fifty years ago.
 With the height of 196
meters , this building one of
the tallest in the world for
residence purpose , occupies
a privileged site in Chicago.

21.  The north tower of the
world trade center in lower
manhattan was completed
in 1973.
 With the height of 419
meters and 110 stories.
 Critics maintain that tower
are regressive and simple
boxes with an enormous
plaza, masses with a lethal
effect.

22.  Burj Dubai prior to its
inauguration, is
a skyscraper in Dubai
Construction began on 21
September 2004, with the
exterior of the structure
completed on 1 October
2009. The building officially
opened on 4 January 2010,
World's tallest building.
 At over 828 metres (2,716.5
feet) and more than 160
stories.

23. CONCLUSION
 The height of the tower and certainly their thinness
depended upon the level of knowledge, experience,
available material, manufacturing companies and economic
constraint.

24. REFERENCES
 Towers and Bridges by Billing ton
 Towers – A historical survey by Erwin and Frits
 Google
 Wikipedia