3. Any document written by hand
Ancient western world book was in form of a Scroll or
Roll
Papyrus sheets
Standard size: 30 feet long, 7-10 inches wide
Standard sheet size: Ten by seven and one-half inches
Writing was in columns three inches wide called
pagina
4. Eastern Mediterranean and Ancient Egyptian
Civilizations
Israelites : Torah
Hand-copying process
2,000 hours
40 hour work week
2,080 hours a year
Divided up into pages
5. Letters written from left to right
Right to left
Or alternating in direction
“Ox turning”
6. Early Evidence : Berthe van Regemorter
Hittite Empire from
8th or 7th c. BCE
Pergamum 3rd c. BCE
Basic codex form
invented
Romans 1st c. AD
Latin Poet Martial
experimented with
the format
7. Martial in 84-86 AD first to mention a parchment
codex
More convenient for travelers
Save space in a library
Fourth century AD the codex
gains wide acceptance
Could be opened flat
Allowed easier reading
Pages written on both front/back
Durable covers
8. Nomina Sacra
Differentiate from the Script
of the Jews
Reference passages of the Bible
Monasticism Book Production
9. Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398-1468)
Movable Type
B42 Type
1458 36 Type-Bible Print
10.
11.
12. Frozen in time
Must read whole book
Expensive to produce
U.S. decrease of 18%
EBooks: Kindle, Online book catalog