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184544seminarneuralink-210514063641 (5).pdf
1.
2. What is Neuralink?
2
Neuralink is a device,
specifically, a Brain-Machine
Interface, that will be surgically
implanted into your brain and
with it, you’ll be able to
communicate with machines
and even control them.
https://www.cnet.com/news/
3. Why Neuralink?
3
➢ Helps people with severe spinal cord injury by giving them the ability to control computers
and mobile.
➢ Restoring motor and sensory function and the treatment of neurological disorders.
➢ Preserve and enhance your own brain.
➢ Security will be built into every layer of the product, using strong cryptography, defensive
engineering, and extensive security auditing.
➢ You’ll be able to communicate with machines and even control them.
4. Overview
4
➢ The Link processes, stimulates, and transmits
neural signals.
➢ Surgically transplanted inside head.
➢ Micron-scale threads are inserted into areas of
the brain that control movement.
➢ Compact inductive charger wirelessly
connects.
➢ It has potential to treat brain disorders and
other medical problems.
➢ Give us the power to interact with and control
machines using our minds.
Source: https://neuralink.com/approach/
5. Electronics
5
https://Neuralink-White-Paper.pdf
➢ Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is
used.
➢ A number of ASICs are integrated into a
standard printed circuit board (PCB).
➢ Each system consists of a field-programmable
gate array (FPGA)
○ real-time temperature
○ Accelerometer
○ Magnetometer sensors
○ a single USB-C connector
➢ The systems are packaged in titanium cases
which are coated with parylene-c.
6. Neural Thread
6
➢ Each small and flexible thread contains many electrodes for
detecting neural signals.
➢ Thread thickness is nominally 4 to 6 µm.
➢ Typical thread length is approximately 20 mm.
➢ The main substrate and dielectric used in these probes is
polyimide.
➢ Each array has 48 or 96 threads, each of those containing 32
independent electrodes.
➢ Metal film are at sub-micron resolution.
Individual electrodes for the thread design
7. Working
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➢ Principle of Brain Machine Interface.
➢ Neurons communicate with each
other by sending and receiving very
small electrical signals, these signals
can be heard with advanced
electrical sensors.
➢ Signal processing has
○ Preprocessing
○ feature extraction and
○ feature translation.
researchgate.net/Block-diagram-of-a-wireless-BCI-system
8. How Neuralink is different from other BMI devices?
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➢ There are currently only a few approved
devices for recording or stimulating from
the human brain.
➢ These are designed to modulate the
activity of whole brain areas, not to
transfer information to and from the
brain.
➢ The Link has more electrodes and with
flexible threads.
➢ The Link will also perform real-time spike
detection on every channel.
Deep-Brain-Stimulation
9. How is it placed in the body?
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➢ A robotic system will be used.
➢ The neurosurgical robot capable of inserting six threads
per minute.
➢ Have an auto-insertion mode feature.
➢ Each thread can be individually inserted into the brain with
micron precision.
➢ The needle is driven by a linear motor allowing variable
insertion speeds and rapid retraction acceleration.
Neuralink-White-Paper
10. The Neuralink App
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The Neuralink app would allow you to control your iOS
device, keyboard and mouse directly with the activity of
your brain, just by thinking about it.
neuralink.com/approach/
11. Challenges in making scalable BMI
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➢ Scale up the number of electrodes while also building a safe and effective clinical
system that users can take home and operate by themselves.
➢ The threads have to resist corrosion from fluid in the tissue, and the electrodes must
have sufficient surface area to allow stimulation.
➢ Scaling these devices requires on-chip, real-time identification and characterization
of neural spikes.
➢ Design adaptive algorithms that maintain reliable and robust performance.
12. Current Status
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➢ A monkey has apparently been able to interact
with a computer.
➢ Musk introduced a video of a pig called
Gertrude, who had the chip implanted in her
brain for two months.
➢ It still needs to go through the required
approvals and safety testing before it can be
implanted in humans.
➢ There are obvious concerns about placing
electronics inside people’s heads and there
need to be studies looking at the long-term
effects.
monkey-brain-chip-playing-videogame-thinking
14. Conclusion
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➢ Neuralink has developed advanced solution to existing medical problems.
➢ It will surely create a well aligned future.
➢ Implantation will be done in less than a hour and leave hospital the same
day.
➢ Neuralink is still at an early stage (it’s at version 0.9).
➢ We have no current idea of how much the brain chips will cost.
