AN EXCLUSIVE SYMPOSIUM ABOUT SANATALUM ALBUM

3. Knowing the Species
Family: Santalaceae.
Scientific Name: Santalum album linn.
The word sandal has been derived from Chandana (Sanskrit).
Sandalwood trees are popular for its beautiful fragrance and
historical review reveals that sandalwood are used from
centuries referred to in Indian mythology, folklore and
ancient scriptures.
Maximum height of sandalwood tree is 13 to16 meter and
100 cm to 200 cm girth.
Commonly found in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka, Australia, Indonesia and Pacific Islands.

4. Nursery
Techniques

5. Seed Collection and Preparation
Sandalwood seeds are collected fresh from the tree or as
soon as they have fallen on the ground during the month of
August to March.
Seeds can be collected from plus trees.
Ripened purple coloured fruit should be collected and
soaked in water for 24 hrs for de-pulping .
The dried de-pulped seeds are treated with 0.05% of
Gibberellic Acid for 12 hrs for uniform germination.

7. Soil & Climate
Sandalwood can grow in all types of well drained soils.
It is most preferable in red laterite, sandy loam, and sand
mixed blacksoil. The pH of the soil should be 5.5 - 8.5.
Two types of seed beds are used to raise sandal seedlings:
 Sunken Bed
 Raised Bed
Sandalwood grows well in hot climate between 15°C - 42°C.

8. Sandalwood Nursery

9. Seed Bed Preparation
Seed Beds are prepared with Sand and Red Soil in the
proportion 3:1 thoroughly mixed with nematicides &
fungicides.
Around 2.5 kg of seeds spread uniformly over 10m x 1m bed
Mulching with straw which should be removed when the
leaves start appearing on the seedlings.
Seedlings were transplanted to polybags along with host species at 4 to 6 leaf
stage .

10. Transplantation to Polybags
Polybags should contain soil mixture of proportion 2:1:1
(Sand:Redsoil:Farmyard manure).
Seedlings are carefully removed from beds with all roots
intact; roots should not be allowed to dry.
Sandalwood plants are semi root parasite and require a
suitable host plant to achieve desirable growth.
The recommended host plant at the time of planting are
Amaranthus,pea etc…..

14. Regeneration

15. Regeneration Methods
Natural Regeneration.
Artificial regeneration

16. Natural Regeneration
Natural regeneration is mainly through root suckers when
exposed roots are hit by hoofs of wild animals .
Natural seed germination is not at optimum level.

17. Artificial Regeneration
Mix sandal seed with red gram seed ,cow dung and red
clay for making small pellets and laid it in natural forest.
Sowing in beds and planting out when 2 or 3 month old.
Plant them when 10 cm or 12.5 cm high and have a taproot
15 cm to 20 cm long. Another way is to grow plants in a
nursery and plant them out after a year.
Root sucker – Freely produces when roots are exposed or cut
through or where parent tree has been grubbed up.
 Seedlings are also raised through tissue culture method.

18. Students making pellets of sandal seeds and red
gram for regeneration of sandal in reserve
forests on Krishnagiri Forest Range Campus.

19. Problems Affected to
Sandalwood Seedlings
Low Quality of Seed
Competition for Nutrients
Seedling Medium of Germination
Sunlight Intensity
Pests and diseases
Quality of Human Resources and
Management Institution

20. Proposed Solutions to
Sandalwood Seedlings
Problems
Selecting seed before planting (relatively large size, light brown colour and white
flesh)
Nutrition competition can be solved by cutting and pruning the host
plants in an appropriate way and intensity.
Arrange and check the humidity of the medium for germination and
seedling periodically.
It can be controlled by using shade combinations.
Treated with fungicide on the seeds before sowing.
Capacity building can be done learning, practicing of knowledge, skill and
technology for sandalwood nurseries.

21. Sandalwood
Protection

22. Protection Methods
24hrs * 07 days Patrolling
Special Dog Squad & Intelligence Team
Iron fencing & Check posts
Wireless Communication System &
Thermal Cameras
Interior protection Camp Sheds

23. 24hrs * 07 days Patrolling
Interior patrolling, outerRF patrolling and inter-
state border patrolling done frequently 24hrs *
07 days.
Staff strength morning 02-04 guards and night
08-12 guards depending upon various beats.
Foot patrolling is the important one done all
around the reserve through day & night.

24. Special Dog Squad & Intelligence
Team
Specially Trained dogs is used for protection.
These dogs get nine month expert training in
finding sandalwood, tusks,etc…. from Border
Security Force's National Training
Centre for Dogs at Tekanpur in Gwalior.
Intelligence wing is worked with collaborated to
local peoples for getting more informations.
Joint Forest Management Techquines is also use
for intelligence purpose.

26. Iron fencing & Check posts
Iron fencing is implemented most of the areas
especially situated near to roads in the
Sandalwood reserve.
Inter State Boundary Check posts and
Division/Station wise check posts are
implemented for better protection.
Each check posts will check every vehicles also
register in and out entries .

27. Wireless Communication System ,
Thermal Cameras
& Interior protection Camp Sheds
Wireless communication system (Walky-talkies)
is used in every interior camps, patrolling
vehicles and patrolling guards for better
communication.
Thermal auto detection cameras and night vision
cameras are installed all major paths in the
reserve .
Permanent and temporary interior camp sheds
will functioned day and night in the reserve .

29. Commercial
Grading of
Sandalwoods
(as per Karnataka Forest Department Classification)

30. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
1.Vilayat Budh(Class 1 Billets)
Sound billet weighing not less than 9kg and
not exceeding 112 pieces per tonne.
2.China Budh(Class 1I Billets)
Slightly inferior billet weighing less than
4.50kg and not exceeding 224 pieces per
tonne.
3.Panjam(Class III Billets)
Billets having small knots, cracks and hollows
weighing not less than 2.2kg and not exceeding
448 pieces per tonne.

31. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
4.Ghotla(billets of short length)
Includes short and sound pieces. There are
no limits of weight and numbers per tonne.
5.Ghatbadla
Billets with knots, cracks, small hollows
weighing not less than 4.5kg and not exceeding
250 pieces per tonne.
6.Bagardad
Consists of solid pieces without limit as
regard dimensions, weight or number.

32. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
7.Roots (Class I)
Pieces weighing not less than 6.75kg and
not exceeding 150 pieces per tonne.
8.Roots (Class II)
Consist of pieces weighing not less than
2.25kg and not exceeding 448 pieces per
tonne
9.Roots (Class III)
Consists of small and side roots below
2.25kg in weight.

34. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
10.Jajpokal or Badla (Class I)
Consist of hollow pieces weighing not less
than 3.10kg and not exceeding 320 pieces
per tonne .
11.Jajpokal(Class II)
Hollow pieces weighing not less than
1.3kg per tonne.
12.Ainbagar
Consists of solid,cracked and hollow pieces
weighing not less than 450g.

35. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
13.China Sali or Lage Chilta
Consist of pieces and chips of
heartwood weighing not less than 2.25g.
14.Ain Chilta
Consist of small pieces of heartwood.
15.Hatri Chilta
Consists of heartwood and chips obtained
by planning billets with Hatri or
Randha(Plane).

36. Sandalwood is commercially
Graded into 18 Types
16.Milva Chilta
Consist of pieces and chips having air
proportions of heartwood and sapwood
17.Basola Bukni
Consist of small heartwood and
sapwood chips.
18.Saw Dust
Sawn powder obtained while sawing the
sandalwood.