2. 2
Outline:
• Goal of WSP
• Development of WSP by schools
• Segments of the WSP for small scale water
supply systems
• What can children do?
• Management of the results
Water Safety Plans
WSP in schools
3. 3
Water Directives
• Water directives focus on the quality of the end product
• Poor policies for improvements and management
• No or poor involvement of stakeholders
WSP
• Focus on the safety of all different stages of the system
• Involvement and motivation of all stakeholders
• Extensive monitoring- documentation- reporting -information
• Raising awareness and taking action
Goal of the WSP:
Identification and elimination of all possible risks
Difference between WSP and water directives
4. 4
• WSP can be developed for small and large scale
drinking water systems
• WSP can be used as a tool for involvement and
mobilisation of communities
• The principles of safety plans can be transferred to other
systems such as management of rainwater, wastewater,
surface waters or sanitation systems
• The approach of Safety Plans can be developed and
implemented on professional level, but also on school
level
Opportunities of WSPs
5. 5
Experiences with
involvement
of school children
• Children are very interested and motivated
• The activities have to fit in the curriculum
• Children can be the bridge between the
citizens and the authorities
• Authorities are more open for children
Why focus on schools?
6. 6
Development of WSP for small scale supplies
Involvement of schools
Start:
• Public - school meetings, workshops
• First test of e.g. nitrates in drinking water
• Providing information about the WSP
Reflection:
• Identification and selection of the activities and
responsibilities
What are the possibilities and capacities?
Who likes what and can do what?
7. 7
Organising the programme
School + pupils (+ parents-authorities)
Goal of the WSP: Minimising the risks for water pollution
and water related diseases.
• How to identify the risks
• How to communicate with the authorities
• How to monitor and to report
• How to inform the citizens
• How to stop water pollution
• How to improve the water supply system
• Or how to lobby for a safe central water supply system
8. 8
WSP means
Cooperation - no confrontation
with all stakeholders
Children need steering, therefore support / involvement
of local NGO, school staff / teacher is a must
Support / involvement of parents, local authorities,
citizens and experts is desired
9. 9
Gain understanding of water supply system
(observation,using questionnaires, existing maps and data,
involvement experts)
Find out
• The water catchment area
• Potential sources of pollution
• Type, age and condition of pipes, reservoirs
• Causes of eventually interruptions
• Water quality and quantity
• Water treatment system
• Appearance of water
related diseases
10. 10
What can children do?
Step 1
Identification of the water supply system
Identification of stakeholders
Tools: Stakeholder and system analyses
Meetings, interviews, internet,
drawing and mapping
11. 11
What can children do?
Find out the stakeholders:
Who is doing what?
What are the duties and rights?
What are the requirements?
Regional level:
implementation
Authorities for water and
sanitation
Health inspection
Laboratory
Water supplier, Firms
Local level: implementation
water use: consumption
households
public institutions
industry
agriculture
livestock
International and National level:
Regulation on drinking water
Ministries, inspections
12. 12
What can children do?
2. Test the water quality
Nitrate, turbidity, colour, odour
Tools: e.g. nitrate quick test, observation
or collect information
about results of water
analyses
evt. request for laboratory tests
13. 13
What can children do?
3. Test of seasonal fluctuation of nitrate
Raising awareness on
• Properties of soil
• Nitrate pollution
• Understanding of
environment
Tools:
Nitrate quick test
Thermometer
Measuring cup for precipitation
14. 14
What can children do?
- Interviews with key persons,
Authorities and citizens (practices - perception)
- Observation of condition of wells/stand taps
the area of wells, water extraction etc.
Tools: forms, questionnaires,
check lists, graphics, maps
4. Risk - hazard assessment
15. 15
Family: Nr. of persons in the household
Adress
Public
tap
Public
well
Which source of water do you
use
What is your daily use of water
Which and how many animals
drink from the water
What is the distance from home
to the water source
Is there always enough water
available?
How often per day do you
catch water
Do you think the dw quality is
good?
If quality is not good , what is
the cause?
Do you use bottled water?
Do you treat/boil the dw?
How do you store the dw?
Questionnaires for citizens, health and water authorities
16. 16
What can children do?
5. Mapping:
water quality and sources of pollution
evt. link to the hydrological properties of the area
• Defect reservoirs, pipes or wells etc.
• Agricultural or gardening activities
• Location of latrines, septic tanks
• Location of manure heaps
• Infiltration of wastewater
• Industrial activities
17. 17
What can children do?
6. Reporting findings and experiences
• Poster presentations for schools, seminar
• Competition with other schools
• Exchange (internet/visit) with other schools
• Presentations for citizens, authorities
• Contribution for papers- media, exhibition
18. 18
What to do with the results
Schools - NGOs?
• Awareness raising on local level -
access to information for all:
Maps, poster, reports, presentation, exhibition
• Community based development of plans for
improvement of access to safe water:
making work plan - timetable - budget- business
plan
19. 19
Public
well-
windlass
Is -
situation
Should be Date and Action of
improvement
Monitoring Respo
nsible
General
state of
well
Cracks in
the wall
No cracks,
no
damages
2008-05-21
Repairing wall; new layer
of concrete
By visit
xx/month
Xx
Cleanlin
ess
of well
Moss and
excrement
s of birds
No visible
dirt’s
2008-06-01
Scrubbing the intern of the
well; pumping away the
water; des-infection of the
well
By visit
xx/month
ee
Fence No fence No
entrance
for animal
2008-05-22
Installation of fence
By visit
xx/month
ff
Apron Apron
cracked
allowing
leakages
No
leakages
2008-05-23
Repairing the apron
By visit xx/
month
Xx
20. 20
Policies
• Presentation of results on all levels
• Dialog with decision makers
• Lobbying for actions and improvements
• Evaluation, monitoring and
• adjustments of the WSP
21. 21
Obstacles of implementation of WSP
at schools
lack of interest or time
or cooperation or coordination
or
activities do not fit in curriculum
22. 22
First starts of WSP in schools are started
Materials prepared (En, Ru, Ro) and provided to schools:
• Introduction of WSP
• Several questionnaires
• Guide for nitrate, turbidity or colour tests
• Examples for mapping and stakeholder analyses
• Examples for local actions
High interest of teachers
Outlook: Availability of an Attractive WSP Toolbox
for schools
